Unit4 Earthquakes-Grammar教案
unit4 earthquakes-grammar教案
1.teaching objectives
learn to use direct speech and indirect speech
2. teaching important point
summarize the rules of direct speech and indirect speech.
3. teaching difficult point
learn about the special cases in which the tenses shouldn’t be changed.
4. teaching methods
discussing, summarizing and practicing.
5. teaching procedures
step1 lead in
t: in the last lesson, we learned anne frank’s story. she is telling her stories to two of her friends—you and tom. tom has something wrong with his ears, so you have to repeat anne’s sentences, using indirect speech. sometimes you explain tom’s sentences to anne.
“i have to stay in the hiding place.” said anne. →
anne said she had to stay in the hiding place.
“do you feel sad when you are not able to go outdoors?” tom asked anne. →
tom asked anne if/whether she felt sad when she was not able to go outdoors.
“i don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said anne.→
anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
“what do you call your diary?” tom asked. →
tom asked what she called her diary.
ss go on this topic by themselves.
step2 grammar
t: now let’s look at these sentences again. if we want to change direct speech into indirect speech, what should be changed?
ss discuss by themselves.
ss: sentence structures, tenses, pronouns, adverbials of time and place and verbs should be changed.
t: quite right. look at the form on the screen. these are the rules.
直接引語變成間接引語時，要注意以下幾點：人稱變化、時態變化、賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
1.直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時，由連詞that 引導。例如：
she said, "i am very happy to help you."→
she said that she was very happy to help you.
2. 直接引語是一般/選擇疑問句，變成間接引語時，由連詞whether或if 引導。例如：
he asked me, "do you like playing football?"→
he asked me if/whether i liked playing football.
注意：大多數情況下，if和whether 可以互換，但后有or not,或在動詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時，一般只用whether。例如：
she asked me whether he could do it or not.
3. 直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時，由相應的疑問詞who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引導。例如：
my sister asked me, "how do you like the film?"→
my sister asked me how i liked the film.
4. 直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時，把動詞原形變成動詞不定式，并在動詞不定式前加tell, ask, order 等的賓語。例如：
the captain ordered, "be quiet."→
the captain ordered us to be quiet.