Children, also known as June 1 International Children‘s Day, the annual June 1, the world of children‘s festivals. November 1949, the Women‘s International Democratic Federation council meeting held in Moscow. China and other countries and representatives of countries and anger exposed the imperialist reactionaries kill and poison children. In order to protect the world‘s children to survival, health and education, to improve the lives of children. The meeting decided in the annual June 1 International Children‘s Day.
The International Children‘s Day (ICD) is celebrated in numerous countries, usually (but not always) on June 1 each year.
The ICD had its origin in the World Conference for the Wellbeing of Children in Geneva, Switzerland in 1925. It is not clear as to why June 1 was chosen as the ICD: one theory has it that the Chinese consul-general in San Francisco (USA) gathered a number of Chinese orphans to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in 1925, which happened to be on June 1 that year, and also coincided with the conference in Geneva.
June 1 has since been observed as the ICD by numerous countries, especially by Communist countries; in the Western world the ICD is usually celebrated on other days of the year (if at all), and there is often little public awareness about these celebrations. (See the section on Germany below for further discussions.) Consequently there is sometimes a misperception that June 1 as the ICD was a Communist invention. Nonetheless, in recent years even some groups within the United States started observing the ICD on June 1.
1942年6月，德國法西斯黨衛軍包圍了現在捷克共和國的首都布拉格市附近的利迪策村，槍殺了16歲以上男性公民140多人，全部嬰兒和婦女被押往集中營，另外有90名兒童被押往波蘭的一個集中營(其中只有17人活到戰爭結束)。村里所有的房舍、建筑物均被燒毀或被鏟土機夷為平地。就這樣，一個好好的村莊被法西斯黨衛軍毀滅了。
為了悼念利迪策村和全世界所有在戰爭中死難的兒童，反對帝國主義戰爭販子虐殺、毒害兒童，保障兒童的權利，1949年11月在蘇聯首都莫斯科召開的國際民主婦女聯合會理事會通過一項決議，正式決定每年的6月1日為全世界兒童的節日，即“六一”國際兒童節。
國際民主婦聯作出每年6月1日為國際兒童節的決議后，1949年12月23日，我國中央人民政府政務院第十二次會議通過了統一全國年節和紀念日放假的辦法，其中決定自1950年起，每年以6月1日國際兒童節作為中國兒童自己的節日，并放假舉行慶祝。從此中止了1931年起由中華慈幼協會建議的每年4月4日為我國兒童節的活動。
于是，1950年6月1日便成了我國建國后的第一個“六一”國際兒童節。
此后，我國每年的6月1日都舉行各種活動，慶祝“六一”國際兒童節。