Unit 14 Zoology [知識點撥]（通用2篇）

Unit 14 Zoology [知識點撥] 篇1

　　unit 14 zoology [知識點撥]

　　warming up a small animal that helps the police get hold of thieves.

　　一種能幫助警察捉賊的動物。

　　【點撥】get hold of …= take/catch hold of …意思是“抓住…”；“獲得…”

　　e.g. he took hold of the rope and pulled.

　　他抓住繩子用力拉。

　　i got hold of the sack and lifted it.

　　我抓住包，把它舉了起來。

　　i need to get hold of some money quickly.

　　hold 還用作動詞，意為“握住”“擁有”“容納”“使…保持…”“持…觀點”等

　　e.g. she was holding a book. 她手里拿著一本書。

　　they held their heads up.他們頭抬得高高的。

　　she holds that the government’s policy is mistaken.

　　她認為政府的政策錯了。

　　其常見短語搭配有：

　　hold a conversation/meeting 進行交談/開會

　　hold the line = hold on 別掛電話

　　hold … back 阻止…

　　hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸

　　hold…off 使…與…保持距離

　　hold …over 使…延期 an animal that isn’t telling the truth.

　　一種會撒謊的動物。

　　【點撥】tell the truth“說實話”的意思，tell的相關類似短語有：

　　tell a/the lie = tell lies 撒謊

　　tell a story 講故事

　　listening you are going to hear an interview with a woman who works in a zoo.

　　你將聽到對一位在動物園工作的婦女的采訪報道。   【點撥】interview 在這里是名詞“采訪”的意思，還有“面試”之意。

　　e.g. the film star agreed to give an interview after the wedding.

　　這位影星同意在婚禮后接受采訪。

　　she’s got an interview for a new job.

　　她參加了新工作的面試。

　　interview 還有動詞用法，是“采訪”的意思,

　　要區別與cover的用法。interview 可以用interview sb. 或interview sth.

　　但cover不能用cover sb.只能說cover sth.

　　e.g. a reporter interviewed the prime minister.

　　一位記者采訪了首相。

　　she’s being interviewed for the job.

　　她正在接受求職面試。

　　they sent a great many reporters to cover the conference.

　　【點撥】cover除了“采訪”的意思外還有“用……遮蓋；覆蓋”“占有…（面積）;掩飾”

　　“涉及…（內容）”等含義。請學習下面例句中cover 一詞的各種用法

　　e.g. since water covers most of the earth, corsteau knew we should keep the seas clean. 　　 由于水覆蓋了地球的大部分，庫斯托知道我們應該保持海洋清潔。

　　he tried to cover (up)his mistake.

　　他想掩蓋他的錯誤。

　　he said he could cover the distance on foot in two hours.

　　他說這段路程兩個小時能走完

　　how many pages have you covered? 你讀了多少頁了？

　　what are the main points you’re going to cover in your talk ?

　　你的報告主要涉及哪些內容。

　　we have only just covered our expenses.

　　我們所收入的僅夠開支而已。

　　cover作名詞，作“蓋子”、“封面”解。

　　e.g. when the water boils, take the cover.

　　當水開的時候,把蓋子揭開.

　　the book needs a new cover .

　　這書需要裝個新封面. what’s the problem with the animals at the zoo?

　　動物園里的動物有什么問題？

　　【點撥】what’s the problem with…

　　=what’s the trouble with…

　　=what’s the matter with…

　　=what's your problem?

　　=what's wrong with you?

　　都用來詢問“…（你）怎么回事？”

　　speaking the two teams take turns speaking.

　　兩只隊伍輪流發言。

　　【點撥】 take turns doing sth. “輪流干…”，turn是名詞。

　　為便于學習,現就turn的用法歸納如下: i. turn (n.)  順序, 輪流  1. it's one's turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 it's your turn to make a decision. 

　　該你來做出決定了。

　　2. take one's turn to do sth. = do sth. in turn =do sth. by turns 輪流做某事 the nurses attended the patient in turn / by turns. 

　　=the nurses took turns to attend the patient. 

　　護士們輪流照顧病人。ii. turn (vi.) 轉動,轉向,翻轉  turn right / left = turn to the right / left  turn to sth. / sb. (for help)  turn to page 84 iii. turn (link-v.) 變得…… turn green / yellow  變綠/黃了 ten years later， he turned       teacher.    a. /    b. a    c. an    d. the 注: 此題考查turn 作連系動詞的特殊用法,即 turn 作連系動詞時后接表語名詞，省略冠詞. 所以此題的答案為a. 如果turn 后加into 則須在名詞前加冠詞a. iv. 固定詞組:  1. turn against   背叛   nobody will turn against his country.  2. turn down   關小 / 拒絕   he turned down my suggestion without hesitation. please turn down the gas.  3. turn from side to side  把身體轉來轉去   the naughty boy turned from side to side while answering questions in class.  4. turn in 上交  the child picked up a purse on the way and turned it in to the policeman.  5. turn ... into ... (使……)成為……  the farmers are turning waste land into rice fields.   6. turn off 關(水源、煤氣、 電燈等) / 避開(問題等) turn off the light when you leave the room.  7. turn on 打開(水、 煤氣、 電燈、無線電等) / 對……發怒 turn on the radio turn the gun on sb. 8. turn out 結果是 / 證明是 / 生產出 the weather yesterday turned out (to be) fine. the factory turned out more products than they had expected.  9. turn over (使)打翻 / 翻身 / 翻動 / 翻耕(土地) / 轉危為安   the man turned over and went to sleep again when the telephone rang. 10. turn up 開大 / 出現 / 找到 / 證明是 (= turn out to be)   the meeting is beginning， but he has not turned up. he might have been lost. when all the teams are ready, the teacher will start and time the debate.

　　當所有隊伍都準備好以后,老師就開始為辯論計時.

　　【點撥】time　是動詞，＂計時＂的意思，還有“安排好時間,使合拍子;安排……的速度＂

　　e.g. how long can you hold your breath underwater ? take a deep breath and i’ll time you . 你在水下能潛多久呢？深呼吸一下，我給你計時。

　　he timed his journey so that he could arrive at the hotel before dark . 他安排好了他的旅程，以便能在天黑以前到達旅館。

　　he tried to time his steps to the music.

　　他盡力與音樂合節拍。

　　reading　 among the different types of bee, it is the honey bee that has most interested scientists because of the “language” they use to communicate with each other.

　　在不同種類的蜂中，最使科學家感興趣的是蜜蜂，因為蜜蜂能用“語言”，來相互交際。

　　【點撥】…it is the honey bee that has most interested scientists…是一個由it 引導的強調句，被強調的部分是 the honey bee。如果不加以強調，則全句是：

　　…the honey bee has most interested scientists…

　　the development of the　 modern beehive in 1851 made it possible to design experiments to research the language of honey bees.

　　1851年新式蜂箱的研制，使設計實驗研究蜜蜂的語言成為可能。 【點撥】 本句是一個簡單句：the development… made it possible to design experiments …其中的 it是形式賓語，它所代替的真正賓語是后面的不定式短語 to design experiments。it作形式賓語的句型是：

　　主語 +及物動詞 +it +賓語補足語 +不定式

　　e.g. i found it important to learn spoken english.

　　我發現學習英語口語很重要。

　　i think it hard to master a foreign language.

　　我認為掌握一門外語是很難的。

　　she feels it her duty to support her family.

　　她感到養家糊口是她的責任。

　　the storm made it impossible for them to march to the city.

　　暴風雨使他們不可能向城市進軍。 professor karl von frisch, a scientist from austria, spent many years of his life researching the amazing ways honey-bees communicate in their dark hives.

　　奧地利科學家卡爾·馮·弗里希教授，一生中花去了許多歲月，研究蜜蜂在黑暗的蜂箱里是以怎樣巧妙的方式傳遞信息的。

　　【點撥】amaze　vt. 使驚愕；使大為驚訝：

　　e.g. he amazed everyone by passing his driving test.

　　令人驚訝的是他竟通過了駕駛考試。

　　amazing “令人驚異的”；在西方人的口中，表示驚訝，經常可以聽到amazing這個詞。如果有些事情發生得出乎意料，難以置信，也可以用amazing來形容。

　　e.g. you’re amazing. 你真了不起。

　　it was amazing that the boy was able to solve the problem so quickly.那男孩能這樣快地解完這道題,真是令人驚奇。

　　有些漂亮或另類的東西，總能吸引許多眼球，就可以說是amazing things.

　　e.g. i am always looking for new and amazing items.　我總是在尋找讓我眼前一亮的新東西。

　　amazed 使（某人）感到驚奇，常用be amazed at / by 感到驚奇。

　　e.g. he was amazed at all the colours, and all the beautiful fish. 　　　他對五顏綠色和各種美麗的魚感到驚奇。　　we are amazed at the changes in beijing. i can’t even find where my old house is. 　　　北京的變化使我們感到驚奇。我幾乎找不到舊房子了。

　　【點撥】＂...honey-bees communicate in their dark hives.＂是定語從句，其先行詞

　　是＂ways＂，＂way＂后省略了引導詞 “that”,也可用 “in which”，也可以省略引導詞.

　　e.g. some english words are not spelt the ways that they sound.

　　= some english words are not spelt the ways in which they sound.

　　= some english words are not spelt the ways they sound.

　　一些英語單詞不是像他們發音那樣去拼寫. he built a transparent wall, through which he could observe what went on inside.

　　他安裝了透明的箱體，透過它，可以直接觀察箱內發生的事情.

　　【點撥】 “through which he could observe what went on inside”是定語從句，來修飾先行詞，引導詞是介詞through加which構成.

　　在定語從句用法中介詞+關系詞是一個重點，介詞后面的關系詞不能省略，但是介詞的后面不用that.

　　e.g.this is the house in which i lived two years ago.

　　某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞when 和where 互換。

　　e.g. do you remember the day on which you joined our club?　 　　　 ＝do you remember the day when you joined our club? 

　　注意：一些含有介詞的動詞短語中，其介詞不能前置到引導詞前.

　　e.g. the children whom the nurses look after are wery healthy. in order to tell the bees apart ,he painted some bees with little dots of colour.

　　為了把蜜蜂區分開，他在一些蜜蜂身上涂上色斑.

　　【點撥】 tell apart 辨別；識別

　　＝distinguish…between…

　　= tell … from…;

　　= tell the difference between … and …

　　e.g. some people can't tell blue from green.

　　在些人分辨不出藍色與綠色。

　　most new cars look so similar that it's impossible to tell them apart.

　　許多新汽車看上去象是一樣的，不大可能把它們區別開來。

　　i confused jim with mike because i can't tell them apart.

　　我把吉姆和麥克混淆了，因為我分不清他們。

　　the two brothers are so much alike that their mother can hardly tell them apart.

　　這兄弟倆長得太相象了，連他們的母親都難以辨別。 they trooped behind the first dancer, copying its movement.

　　它們成群結隊地跟在第一只跳舞的蜜蜂后面，模仿它的動作。

　　【點撥】課文中 troop作動詞用，意思是"結隊而行"、"成群涌向"

　　(come or go together in a group)。用在句中時，句子的主語總是復數。　 e.g. the children trooped into the park.

　　孩子們列隊走進公園。　 the game was over and the players trooped home.

　　比賽結束了，運動員整隊回家。

　　troop還有名詞用法，作"一隊"、"一群"解。　 e.g. a troop of visitors (一群參觀者)。　它的復數形式(troops)作"軍隊"解。　 e.g. we must have our own troops.

　　我們必須有自己的軍隊。

　　【點撥】copy原作"抄寫"、"復寫"解。 　 e.g. he is busy copying his composition.

　　他正忙著抄寫他的作文。　 本句中的copy引伸作"模仿"、"仿效"解。 　 e.g. please copy my actions.(＝please act as i do. )

　　請照我這樣做。　 "good morning," she said, copying her mother's voice.

　　"早上好"，她模仿著媽媽的聲音說。

　　you should copy his strong points, not his weak points.

　　你應當學他的長處，而不是他的短處。 von frisch assumed that the dance conveyed more information. 馮·弗里希想弄清這種舞蹈能不能說明喂食處有多遠.

　　【點撥】 assume的用法 assume vt. 表示“假設，主觀認為，假定；裝出…樣子；開始擔任，承擔…

　　e.g. we assumed that you understood the situation.

　　我們認為，你了解形勢。

　　he assumed a well-informed manner but in fact he knows very little.

　　他裝出一副見多識廣的樣子，而實際上他知之甚少。assume something to be 猜想某事如何

　　assume ignorance/an injured air

　　假裝不知道，裝出冤屈的樣子

　　assume和given,suppose,supposing等詞一樣都可以引導狀語.作用相當于if.

　　e.g. supposing your father saw you know , what would you say? =if your father saw ……

　　assuming that the weather is favourable, farmers will have a bumper harvest. 假如風調雨順，今年農民將獲豐收。

　　assumed 假裝的，假的；假定的，設想的：

　　e.g. an assumed cheerfulness偽裝的高興，

　　an assumed result假定的結果，

　　his look of astonishment was assumed.他那驚訝的樣子是裝出來的。 assuming自負的，傲慢的，過分自信的：

　　e.g. he is too assuming in this attitude about the energy supply.

　　他在對待能源問題的態度上實在顯得過于自信。 assumption假定，異端；自負，傲慢；假裝

　　e.g. we are going on the assumption that the work will be finished tomorrow. 我們在根據明天可以完工這一假定辦事。

　　i was under the assumption that you were coming tomorrow. 我原以為你明天來。

　　assumptive 被視為理所當然的，自負的，傲慢的：

　　e.g. assumptive beliefs被視為理所當然的種種信仰，

　　assumptive people自命不凡的人

　　one was close to the hive. the other was much farther away ,beyond some trees.一個靠近蜂箱,另一個遠離蜂箱,幾棵大樹之外.

　　【點撥】beyond一詞是高中英語的必備詞匯，其用法和含義較為復雜，很容易產生理解上的障礙，造成翻譯上的失誤。本文擬對beyond的一些用法淺析如下：

　　一、beyond作介詞用時，使用最廣，常用于下列幾種情況：

　　1.表示位置，意思是“在……的那一邊；在……之外；在更遠處”。例如：

　　e.g. beyond the river stood a power station.

　　過了這條河就是一個發電站。

　　2.表示時間，其意為“遲于；超過”。例如：

　　e.g. some shops keep open beyond midnight�庇行┥痰隊I業到半夜以后。

　　3.表范圍、水平、限度、能力等，意思是“超出；多于；為……所不能及”在句中常作

　　①作表語

　　e.g. your work is beyond all praise.

　　你的作品叫人贊揚不盡。

　　②作定語 e.g. these were matters beyond his understanding as yet.

　　這些事情他那時候還不了解。

　　③作狀語

　　e.g. we succeeded beyond our hopes.

　　我們獲得如此之成功，是我們始料所不及的。

　　4.用在否定和疑問句中，意思是“除……之外”。

　　e.g. i know nothing beyond what he told me.

　　除了他告訴我的以外，別的我都不知道。

　　is there anything more you can say beyond that？

　　除了那點之外，你還能說些什么嗎？

　　5.beyond有時還可表示年齡或數量，意思是“超過”。

　　e.g. he didn't believe in people living beyond 100.

　　他不相信人能活到100歲以上。

　　二、beyond也常作副詞用，主要有下面兩種用法：

　　1.指時空或正在進行中的活動，意思是“在遠處；向遠處；更遠處”。

　　e.g. if we cross the mountains we may find people living in the valley beyond.

　　如果我們翻過這些大山，我們就可以發現在遠處山谷中生活的人們。

　　i'll go with you to the bridge，but not a step beyond.

　　我愿意同你一道走到橋頭，但再遠的地方一步也不愿意去。

　　2.表示外加，意思是“此外；以外”。例如：

　　e.g. he told me nothing beyond.

　　此外他沒告訴我什么。

Unit 14 Zoology [知識點撥] 篇2

　　unit 14 zoology [知識點撥]

　　he marked all the bees that came to the nearby feeding place blue, and all the bees that went to the faraway place were marked red.

　　他給所有來到近的喂食處的蜜蜂標上藍色，給飛到遠的喂食處的蜜蜂標上紅色。

　　【點撥】faraway(遠方的)是由 far ＋ away構成的合成形容詞。 nearby(附近的)是由 near ＋by構成的合成形容詞。它們在句中都作定語。

　　a faraway forest(遠處的森林)，faraway times(遙遠的時代)；

　　a nearby hotel(附近的一家旅店)，nearby hills(附近的小山)。注意：faraway在作定語時通常都連寫，作表語或作狀語時則分寫(far away)。如： e.g. the house is not far away. 那座房子并不遠。 he lives far away from the school. 他住得離學校很遠。 nearby既可作定語，又可作狀語；既可以連寫(nearby)，也可以分寫(near by)，還可以加連字符(near-by)。

　　e.g. i saw her going to a near-by post-box before lunch. 我看到她午飯前去附近的信箱投信。

　　they live nearby----less than a kilometer.

　　他們住在附近，不到一公里。he gave up his seat to the old man standing near by.

　　他把座位讓給站在附近的老人了。

　　they discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was. 　　他們發現，喂食處越遠，舞蹈動作的速度就越慢。

　　【點撥】"the+比較級……，the+ 比較級……"的意思是："越……，就越……"

　　這種結構用來表示兩從此過程按比例同時遞增。前一句為從句，后一句為主句。這種結構常以省略形式出現，句式精煉簡短，表意有力。例如：

　　e.g. the sooner, the better. 越快越好。　

　　the more, the better. 越多越好。

　　the more, the merrier. 人越多，越好玩。

　　the more he gives his children, the more they want.

　　給孩子越多，他們要的越多.

　　the higher we stand, the farther we see.

　　站的越高，看的越遠

　　the more he explains, the more i am puzzled.

　　他越解釋，我越迷惑.

　　so another astonishing fact came to light. 于是又發現一個令人驚訝的情況。　

　　【點撥】come to light作"發現"、"暴露"(to be discovered/ exposed)解。e.g. new facts about the ancient egypt have recently come to light. 有關古埃及的史實，最近已有新發現。

　　she was very pleased when the long-lost ring came to light.

　　當很久前丟失的戒指被找到時，她高興萬分.

　　the secret didn’t come to light until the old man died.

　　直到老人死后，秘密才被揭露.

　　integrating skills

　　apes use sight more than smell. 猿不僅用嗅覺,而且使用視覺.

　　【點撥】more than 用法小結

　　1. more than后面跟名詞，意為“不只是，不僅僅是”。

　　e.g. hibernation is more than sleep.

　　冬眠不只是睡覺。

　　kate was more than a teacher. she also did what she could to take care of her pupils.

　　凱特不僅僅是位教師，她還盡其所能照顧她的學生。

　　2. more than與數詞連用，意思是“多于，大于，超過”。

　　e.g. i have known him for more than twenty years.

　　我認識他已超過二十年了。

　　more than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.

　　十多位警察出現在出事地點。

　　3. more than與形容詞和分詞連用，表示“非常、十分”。

　　e.g. they were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition.

　　看到我們遠征而歸，他們異常高興。

　　i was more than surprised to see the lion standing at the body.

　　看到那頭獅子站在尸體旁邊，我非常驚訝。

　　4. more than與動詞連用，對動詞起著加強語氣的作用。

　　e.g. repeated advertising will more than increase product sales.

　　多次做廣告意味著增加產品的銷售。

　　his progress in english learning more than encouraged him to learn the subject well. 在英語學習方面的進步激勵他學好這門課程。

　　5. more than和含有情態動詞的句子連用，有否定意義，表示“是……難以……”或“超過了……所能”之義。

　　e.g. the beauty of the mountainous country is more than i can describe.

　　我難以描述那個山村的美麗。

　　this problem is more than a child like jack can settle.

　　這一問題超出了像杰克這樣的小孩的解決能力。

　　6. no more than意思是“僅僅，不過，只是”。

　　e.g. all his education added up to no more than one year.

　　他接受的所有的學校教育只有一年。

　　their new flat has no more than 60 square metres.

　　他們的新居只有60平方米。

　　7. not more than表示“至多，不超過”

　　e.g. lying on the ground was a peasant boy of not more than seventeen.

　　躺在地上的那個農家男孩最多十七歲。

　　while their societies are different, they all communicate and be have in advanced ways.

　　雖然它們生活的社會環境不同,它們卻都以高級方式交流.

　　【點撥】while連詞,意為"盡管;雖然";其用法大致有以下四種用法:1.引導時間狀語從句,意為"當……的時候;和……同時",此時的主從句謂語動作同時發生,從句謂語通常是延續性動詞。

　　e.g. mary watched tv while she ate her supper.

　　瑪麗邊吃飯邊看電視。while she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.

　　她聽著收音機睡著了。

　　while引導從句時,如主從句的主語一致,且從句謂語又含有be,則從句主語和be可省略。while后可直接跟現在分詞、名詞、形容詞或介詞短語。

　　e.g. we are teachers while (we are) serving as students.

　　我們邊當老師邊當學生。while (he was) yet a youth, he gained many prizes.

　　他年輕時就曾多次獲獎。he caught a cold while(he was) on vacation.

　　他度假時患了感冒。

　　2.表示對比或轉折,意為"而;然而"。此時,while一般位于句中。

　　e.g. some people waste food while others haven't enough.

　　有些人浪費糧食,然而有些人卻吃不飽。you like sports, while i prefer music.

　　你喜歡體育,而我更喜歡音樂。

　　3.表示讓步,通常位于句首,意為"盡管;雖然"。

　　e.g. while i agree with your reasons, i can't allow it.

　　盡管我同意你的理由,但我不能允許這樣做。while he loves his students, he is very strict with them.

　　雖然他愛他的學生,可是他對學生們很嚴格。while (he was) respected, he is not liked.

　　他雖受人尊敬,但并不被人喜歡。

　　4.表示條件,意為"只要",其意思和用法相當于as long as。while可位于句首,也可位于句中。

　　e.g. you don't have to worry while we are here.

　　只要我們在,你就別著急。

　　there will be life while there is water and air.

　　只要有空氣和水,就有生命。while there is life, there is hope.

　　留得生命在,不怕沒希望。

　　5.意為"同時;也"。如:e.g. while the book is welcomed by scholars, it will make an immediate

　　appeal to the general readers.

　　這本書受到學者的歡迎,同時也會引起一般讀者的興趣。

　　6.意為"趁著"。

　　e.g. make hay while the sun shines.

　　曬草要趁陽光好。(諺)strike while the iron is hot.

　　趁熱打鐵。(諺)while the roses are yet in bloom, will you come with me to see them?

　　趁著玫瑰花還開著,你和我一道去看看好嗎?

　　sometimes they warn each other of danger, and they also communicate simply to keep in touch.

　　于是它們互相提醒危險,它們交流僅僅是為了保持聯系.

　　【點撥】 warn sb. of sth.“警告某人某事”，不能說 warn sb's sth.。

　　e.g. we warned him of the dangerous bridge，but he didn't believe.

　　我們警告他那座橋危險，但是他不相信。

　　類似這樣的結構用法的動詞還有:

　　一. 表示“通知(inform)；警告(warn)；指責(accuse)；使想起(remind)”等意思的一些動詞。在這一結構中，of的意思相當于 about。

　　e.g. on the way home my father told me of an accident that took place on his first day at school in mr. crossett's class.

　　在回家的路上,父親給我講了他第一天上學時在克羅塞特先生課上的一件事。

　　we shall inform you of the date of the delegation's arrival.

　　我們將把代表團到達的日期通知你。 the teacher accused jim of cheating in the examination.

　　老師責備吉姆考試作弊。 her face reminded me of her mother.

　　她的模樣使我想起了她的母親。 how can i persuade him of her innocence？

　　我怎樣使他相信她是清白無辜的？

　　二、表示“搶奪(rob)；剝奪；解除(cure, heal)；免除(rid)”等意思的動詞。

　　e.g. paralysis robbed him of his ability to do physical labor.

　　癱瘓使他喪失了勞動力。 the doctor used special medicines to cure him of the measles.

　　醫生使用特效藥治愈了他的麻疹。 the medicine healed me of my bad cold.

　　這藥治愈了我的重感冒。 it is not easy to rid oneself of a bad habit.

　　改掉一個人的壞習慣是不容易的。

　　he cleared the pavement of withered leaves.

　　他清除了人行道上的落葉。

　　they stripped the writer of his right to publish his books.

　　他們剝奪了這位作家出版作品的權利。 she rushed up to relieve me of my suitcase.

　　她跑過來接過我手中的衣箱。 our army disarmed the enemy of his weapon.

　　我軍繳械了敵人的武器。

　　類似的動詞還有：abridge（剝奪）， purge（洗清），disabuse（去掉），despoil（搶劫），divert（脫去），deprive（剝奪）等。三、表示“騙取(fool)”、“詐騙(cheat)”等意思的一些動詞。 在這一結構里，通常在of前加上 out，out of表示“喪失”，但out可以省略不用。 e.g. how can you fool the little girl（out） of her money？

　　你怎么能詐騙那個小女孩的錢財呢？ the beggar cheated the little boy（out）of his candy.

　　那乞丐騙取了那個小男孩的糖。

　　【點撥】 simply的意思和用法

　　（1）simply是副詞，在對話中意為“really(真正)”、“very (much)（非常）”。

　　e.g. the film is simply wonderful. 這影片真是太美妙了。

　　she looks simply lovely. 她看起來的確可愛。

　　his pronunciation is simply terrible. 他的發音簡直差透了。

　　they had simply no shame. 他們簡直不知羞恥。

　　（2）simply亦可解釋為“樸素地”、“樸實地”、“無裝飾地”。

　　e.g. he is simply dressed. 他衣著樸素。

　　（3）simply還可作“僅僅，只不過”解，相當于only。

　　e.g. it is simply a question of time. 這只不過是個時間問題。

　　you must believe me simply on my word. 你必須完全照我的話相信我。

　　it is simply a matter of working hard. 此事只是努力去做的問題。

　　（4）還可解釋為“簡單地”、“簡明地”。

　　e.g. the cake is made quite simply. 這糕做起來很簡單。

　　the teacher explained the text quite simply. 老師簡單地解釋了一下課文。

　　what may be of greater importance is to observe how primates live in the world.

　　比較重要的事情是觀察靈長目動物是怎樣生活的.

　　【點撥】這個句子涉及到 “of+抽象名詞”相當于該名詞相應的形容詞。不過，這種結構常用于較正式的場合，書面語中尤為常見。再看下面幾個句子：

　　e.g. this book will be of great value to him in his students. (=be very valuable)

　　the book is of much interest. (=be very interesting)

　　常用于這一結構的修飾語還有：great，little ,some ,any, no, not, much等

　　常見的抽象名詞有importance, value, use, help, benefit(利益、好處)，significance(意義、重要性)。最后需要提及的是，“be of + 名詞”結構的否定形式一般采用否定名詞的做法：

　　“be of no + 名詞”。

　　e.g. he is of no colour, for he has been ill for two weeks.

　　他毫無血色，因為他患疾兩周了。

　　as far as the study of english was concerned, what he said was of no point.

　　就學習英語而言，他所講的并未切中要害。

　　“be of +名詞”還可以表達以下幾種意義：

　　1、表示“具有，具備”

　　e.g. her story is of some colours of the truth.

　　她的故事有點真實感

　　the party's 12th congress is of epoch making significance.

　　黨的十二大具有劃時代的意義。

　　2、表示“屬于”

　　e.g. the products are of first-rate quality.

　　這些產品的質量是屬于第一流的。

　　3、表示“包含”、“包括”、“類別”等

　　e.g. the americans are of almost all colures and races.

　　美國人幾乎包括各種各樣的膚色及種族。

　　his whole life was of best glory.她的一生是非常光榮的。

　　4. 這種結構還可表示“年齡”.“出身”“等級”等

　　we are of the same age. 我們年齡相同。

　　he was of noble birth and high rank. 他出身于高貴門庭。

　　grammar

　　情態動詞表推測

　　一、對目前的行動或狀況的推測（情態動詞+do）

　　（1）、在肯定句中，表示很有把握的推測時用must，而不太有把握時則用may, might或could,三者依次could的語氣最弱。

　　e.g. you must be very tired. 你一定很累。

　　（= i am sure that you are very tired.） ( 很有把握)

　　you may / might / could be very tired. 你可能很累吧！

　　(=perhaps / maybe you are very tired.)（不太有把握）

　　（2）、在否定句中，can't 則表示“不可能”，語氣最強，而相應地may not, might not 語氣弱些，表示“可能不”。

　　e.g. he can't be at home. 他不可能在家。（很有把握）

　　he may not / might not be at home. 他可能不在家。（不太有把握）

　　（3）、疑問句中，通常用can表推測。

　　e.g.　— someone is knocking at the door.

　　— who can it be ? 可能是誰呢？

　　where can he be now? 他現在有可能在哪呢？

　　二、對過去的動作或狀況的推斷常用“情態動詞+have done”。語氣強弱與以上三點相同，可依次類推。但表示“過去不可能”時，除了可用can't have done之外還可用couldn't have done。

　　e.g. he must have gone to wuhan. （肯定已經去了）

　　he may / might / could have gone to wuhan. （可能已去了）

　　he can not / could not have gone to wuhan. （不可能已去了）

　　can he have gone to wuhan? （可能去了嗎？）

　　can(could)/may(might)/must/will等+have+done用來對過去發生的情況做出語氣強

　　弱不同的推測。具體使用時請注意以下幾點：　　　

　　① can一般用于疑問句和否定句, 極少用于肯定句。　　　 e.g. ---can she have gone to school?　　　　 ---no, she can't have gone to school. i saw her just now.　　　

　　② may表推測，一般不用于疑問句；疑問句中該用can, could或might。　　　 e.g. how could he have forgotten such an important thing? （不用may）　　　　　might you have met him somewhere? （不用may）　　　

　　③ could, may, might 用于肯定句語氣較弱，must用于肯定句語氣很強; may,

　　might 用于否定句語氣較弱，can, could 用于否定句語氣很強。　　　　e.g. he could/may/might have gone to school. 他可能上學去了。　　　　　 he must have gone to school. 他肯定是上學去了。　　　　　 he may/might not have gone to school. 他也許沒去上學。　　　　　　he can't/couldn't have gone to school. 他肯定沒去上學。　　　

　　④ must表推測，一般不用于否定句；否定句中該用can或could。　　　　

　　誤：we mustn't have met before.　　　　

　　正：we can't have met before.　　needn't + have + done 可用來表示“已做了多余的事”。 　e.g. there is no school today. you needn't have come. 　

　　could + have + done 可用來表示沒做某事的“遺憾”。　　 e.g. she came here on foot, but she could have come by bus. 　

　　could / might + have + done 也可用來表示委婉的批評。 　　 e.g. you could have come 5 minutes earlier.　　　　　you might at least have written me a letter.　

　　在反意問句中，表推測的情態動詞不出現在簡短問句部分,取而代之的應是情態動詞。句中有過去時間狀語的，問句部分用過去時，否則，用現在完成時。

　　e.g. he must have been there yesterday, wasn't he? 　he must have been there, hasn't he?　　he can't have been there yesterday, was he?　　he can't have been there, has he?

　　三、由上我們可以得出一個結論：表推測時，must只用在肯定句中，而 can只用于否定句和疑問句中。而實際上can可用于肯定句中，但這常用于表可能性，意義有所不同，譯為“有時候可能”。

　　e.g. old newspaper can be useful.

　　舊報紙有時候還是有用的。

　　it can get quite cold here at night.

　　晚上這里有時候會相當冷。