Unit 1 Women of achievement

unit 1 women of achievement
period 4.  grammar: subject-verb agreement
step 1. warm up
give ss some sentences and ask them to pay attention to the verbs:
1.i am a student.
2.there is a desk in the room. there are no chairs in it.
3.john gets up early every morning.
4.both rice and wheat are grown in this part of china.
5.me family is a large one.
6.the family are sitting at the table.
7.there is nobody in the house.
8.everything is ready.
9.either you or jane is to be sent to new zealand.
10.the teacher with two students was at the meeting.
11.sixty years is a long time.
12.ten dollars is enough for him.
13.what he said is right.
14.seeing is believing.
15.to see is to believe.
step 2. subject-verb agreement
主謂一致是指：
1） 語法形式上要一致，即單復數形式與謂語要一致。
2） 意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復數要與謂語的單復數形式一致。
3） 就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，
　　  一般來說，不可數名詞用動詞單數，可數名詞復數用動詞復數。例如：
　    there is much water in the thermos.
　　  但當不可數名詞前有表示數量的復數名詞時，謂語動詞用復數形式。例如：
　    ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
 
1 并列結構作主語時謂語用復數，例如：
reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。
注意：當主語由and連結時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。例如：
the iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業對我們的生活有重要意義。
典型例題
the league secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
 a. is　　 b. was　  c. are　  d. were
答案b. 注： 先從時態上考慮。這是過去發生的事情應用過去時，先排除a.，c。本題易誤選d，因為the league secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人，但仔細辨別，monitor 前沒有the，在英語中，當一人兼數職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞。后面的職務用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人，所以應選b。
2 主謂一致中的靠近原則
1）當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如：
　 there is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。
　 there are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個男孩，二十三個女孩。
2）當either… or… 與neither… nor，連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如：
　either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。
　here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。
3 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致