Period 4 Grammar

period 4 grammar
1.teaching objectives
learn to use direct speech and indirect speech
2. teaching important point
summarize the rules of direct speech and indirect speech.
3. teaching difficult point
learn about the special cases in which the tenses shouldn’t be changed.
4. teaching methods
discussing, summarizing and practicing.
5. teaching procedures
step 1 warming up
warming up by discovering useful words and expressions
step 2  presentation
boys act one cartoon figure and says something.
teacher asks “what did he/she say?”
girls act the other cartoon figure and answer the teacher’s question.
then boys and girls exchange.
the shoes are too big for me.
what did he say?
he said the shoes were too big for him
step 3  grammar
the students will learn the use of direct speech and indirect speech (statements and questions). first try to make clear to the students what direct and indirect speech is,   with the help of the practice in step iii.   then give them some ex¬amples. at last get them to summarize the rules of direct speech and indirect speech (statements and questions).
t: in this part, we are to learn the use of direct speech and indirect speech   (statements and questions).   when do we use direct speech and when do we use indirect speech?
t: now let’s look at these sentences again. if we want to change direct speech into indirect speech, what should be changed?
ss discuss by themselves.
ss: sentence structures, tenses, pronouns, adverbials of time and place and verbs should be changed.
t: quite right. look at the form on the screen. these are the rules.
一、直接引語變成間接引語，句子結構的變化
1.陳述句
用連詞that引導，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直接用引語中的said, 也可用told來代替，注意，可以說said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接說told that
he said, “i have been to the great wall. ” →  he said to us that he had been to the great wall.
he said, “i'll give you an examination next monday. ”
→ he  told us that he would give us an examination the next monday.
解題步驟:
 “i don’t like computers,” sarah said to her friends.
sarah said to her friends  that  i  don’t  like computers .
                 she didn’t
sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.
.2.一般疑問句
間接引語用連詞whether或if引導，原主句中謂語動詞said要改為asked(me/him/us等)，語序是陳述句的語序
he said, “do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”