Shopping

教學目標

教學目標與要點

1.掌握本單元的詞匯和短語。特別是be worn out，a pair of，try…on， think about等的用法。

2.學習過去完成時態的基本概念、構成，掌握它的肯定、否定和疑問形式及其簡略答語。

3.掌握且能熟練運用有關挑選物品、詢問價格、做出決定等購物的交際用語，學會安全地在網上購物。

4.能完全區別so that和so…that的用法。

5.比較現在完成時態與過去完成時態的不同：一個是表示現在的時態，一個是表示過去的時態。結構區別僅在助動詞的不同。

6.認真學習“ on-line”，領會高科技給我們生活帶來的莫大方便。

7.結合自己的實際情況，進行寫日記的訓練。要學生學會自我總結書寫日記的格式。

本單元詞組、句型及交際用語

（一）本單元詞組及短語

be excited about 關于……而興奮

a place of interest 名勝

go over 過一遍；仔細檢查

make a mistake 犯錯誤

drop off 放下（某物）；下車

Beijing Opera 京劇

the Great Hall of the People 人民大會堂

the Palace Museum 故宮

the Great Wall 長城

a pair of leather tennis shoes 一雙皮面的網球鞋

even though 縱使；即使……也

have a 38 in this color 有38號這種顏色的鞋

shopping on-line 在線或網上購物

take pictures of this trip 在旅游中照相

click on the screen 點擊屏幕

close to 靠近

hear sb. doing sth.. 聽見某人在做某事

on Kunming Lake 在昆明湖

the Summer Palace 頤和園

Beihai Park 北海公園

the day after tomorrow 后天

again and again 一遍又一遍地

cost so much 如此昂貴

cost so little 如此便宜

so that 以便

drop off our things 放下我們的物品

be in a hurry 匆忙

（二）句型

The camera cost so much that …. 這架照相機如此貴，以至于……。

She decided to buy a camera online so that …. 她決定在網上買一架照相機，以便……。

The computer cost so little that …. 這臺計算機如此便宜，以至于……。

Even though …(be) a little expensine, … will take …. 雖然……有點兒貴，……將買……。

（三）交際用語

1.購物 shopping

What size …? 多大號碼？

Have you got any other colour / size / kind? 你們這還有其它別的顏色/尺碼/款式嗎？

Have you got anything cheaper? 你們這有更便宜的嗎？

How much are they? 它們多少錢？

How much does it cost? 它多少錢？

How much is it? 它多少錢？

That’s a bit expensive. 那個有點兒昂貴。

Even though they’re a little expensive, I’ll take them. 即使它們有點兒貴，我也將買它們。

I’ll think about …. 我將考慮考慮……。

I don’t think I’ll take …. 我想我不買……。

2.喜好和厭惡

I like …. 我喜歡……。

I don’t really like …. 我真的不喜歡……。

3.提供（幫助等）和應答Offers and Responses

Can I help you, girl? 我能幫助您嗎？

Would you like me to look in the back? 您能讓我看一下反面嗎？

Yes, do please. 是的，請吧！

教學建議

教材內容分析

本單元的中心話題是“購物”，所有的對話、課文及練習都是圍繞這一話題展開的。我們要能熟練運用有關“挑選物品、詢問價格、做出決定”的購物交際用語，同時還得學會通過互聯網進行購物的方法和技巧。“ on-line”給我們提供了典型的范例。本單元著重講述了過去完成時的基本概念、構成以及它的肯定、否定和疑問句式及其簡略答語，區別了so that和so…that…的不同用法。結合自己的實際情況，參考Lesson 56，進行英文日記的寫作訓練，也可以寫一篇自己經歷過的shopping活動。

本單元重點例句及相關知識講解

1. Are you excited about going to Beijing?  去北京你很激動嗎？

2. You’d better try them on first. 你最好先穿上試一試。

句中try on的意思是“穿上（戴上）試一試”。如try on 的賓語是名詞時，名詞可放在try on后面，也可放在try 與on之間。如：

I went to the tailor’s shop to try on my new suit. 我到裁縫店去試新做的西服。

I went to the tailor’s shop to try my new suit on. 我到裁縫店去試新做的西服

注：如try on的賓語是代詞，代詞一般要放在try與on之間。如：

She was trying on a new hat. (She was trying it on.) 她在試戴一頂新帽子。

3. Even though they’re a little expensive, I’ll take them. 即使鞋有點兒貴，我也將買它們。

(1)句中even though相當于even if，意思是“縱使；即使……也”。常引導讓步狀語從句：

I’ll help you, even if I don’t sleep for a night. 即使我一夜不睡覺，也還要幫助你。

even if ,even though還可用于虛擬語氣，意思是“即使”，引導從句。如：

Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem at once, too. 即使他在這里，他也不能立即解決這個問題。（事實上他沒有在這里。）

Even though she had been very busy, she would have helped us. 即使當時她很忙，她還是會幫助我們的。（事實上她當時并不十分忙，故幫助了我們）。

(2) expensive與high, cheap與low

這四個詞在談論到價格的高低時，要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價格“高”，而cheap 與low涉及到價格“低”。

l)expensive昂貴的，花錢多的。這個單詞若談到“價格高，貨貴”時，其主語不能是價格，必須是貨物、物品本身。如：

This watch is expensive. 這只表很貴。

These glass-products are not expensive. 這些玻璃制品不是很值錢。

注意：cheap表示“價廉”，“便宜的”，其主語也不能是價格，必須是物品本身。如：

The cheap table was bought from him.  這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。

This cloth doll is very cheap. 這只布娃娃很便宜。

2）high在表示價格時，含義是“高”，low在表示價格時，含義是“低”，這兩個詞不能用于物品本身，只能用在價格上。如：

The price of this watch is very high.  這只表的價格太高了。

The price of this book is not low for me. 這本書的價格對我來說是不低。

下面我們試看幾個句子的正誤對照：

The price of this computer is expensive.

(上句宜改為：This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )

The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.

(上句宜改為：This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )

4. shopping online（互聯）網上或在線購物

5. She wanted to take pictures of this trip.

take pictures of this trip在旅游中照相

6. As she lives out in the country, there is no place to buy a very good camera.

因為她遠在鄉下居住，那兒沒有能買到很好相機的地方。

*句中as 是連詞，作“由于，因為”解，引導原因狀語從句。Because，since，as，for都是說明原因的接續詞，because語氣最強，表示理由充分，有必然的因果關系，其次是since，表示一種間接或附帶的原因，再其次是as、for，只是說明一下，關系是松弛的。如：

Everybody likes Tom, as he is kind and honest. Yesterday, we stayed at home because it rained. Someone invited him to dinner. He replied, “As I am ill, I won’t go out”. After he had hung up, he smiled, “I can’t see anything for the fog in fact”. I said, “Since you insist, I have to cook for you ”.

*句中to buy a very good camera是動詞不定式短語作定語，修飾no place。

7. She decided to buy a digital camera online so that it could be sent to her.

她決定在網上訂購一個數碼相機，那樣便可以郵寄給她。

句中so that意思是“以便，為了 ”，常常引導結果狀語從句。“so (such) …that”引導結果狀語從句，作“這么……，以至”或“所以”解，so接形容詞、副詞或分詞，而such則接名詞。如：

Wan Jun does exercises everyday so that she could run fast.

萬軍每天做練習，以便能跑得快。

Wan Jun was such a fast runner that he could almost catch up with a deer. =Wan Jun ran so fast that he could almost catch up with a deer.

萬軍跑得這么的快，以至于他的速度幾乎能趕上鹿。

8. She had searched the Internet for two hours…

had searched 是過去完成時。

過去完成時的構成：過去完成時由“助動詞had（通用于各種人稱和數）+過去分詞構成。

過去完成時的用法：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作。它表示動作發生的時間是“過去的過去”。用by、before等構成的短語。

9. Mr Sato looked at the ad.

ad是縮短詞，也可寫成advertisement，常見的縮短詞還有：dormitory — dorm（宿舍）, popular — pop（流行音樂）, refrigerator — fridge（冰箱）等。

10. Then he found ads for other cameras as well.

句中as well意思是“亦；也；又；同樣”。as well as 引導比較狀語從句，意思是“和……做得同樣好；和……一樣”，as well as里的well是副詞，作“好”解。

11. …all the information about different kinds of cameras…

different kinds of 不同種類的，表達“……這（幾）種”可用以下組合：

this kind of + 名詞原形 + 動詞單數

these kinds of 名詞原形/名詞復數 + 動詞復數

名詞復數 + of this kind + 動詞復數

12. click on the screen  點擊屏幕

13. A week later Miyoko received the camera she had ordered.

she had ordered在這里修飾the camera，指她所訂購的那臺相機。

14.The computer cost so much that she didn’t buy it. 這臺計算機太貴一直她買不起。

句中的cost表示“花錢”，花費，付出(只能用于錢、精力、生命等；主語必須是物。)

The book cost me five yuan. 我花五元錢買了這本書。

像take，spend，pay也都表示“花錢”這一用法，但句型不同：take的主語是動詞不定式；spend，在主動語句中主語是人；pay的主語是人。be worth是“值得……的”的意思，be worth后接賓語。

It took me five yuan to buy the book.. 買這本書花了我五元錢。

I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book. 我花五元錢買這本書。

I paid five yuan for the book. 我花了五元錢買這本書。

The book was worth five yuan. 這本書值五元錢。

語法講解

The Past Perfect Tense (1)

過去完成時態（一）

構成：過去完成時由“助動詞had（通用于各種人稱和數）+過去分詞構成。

用法：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作。它表示動作發生的時間是“過去的過去”。用by、before等構成的短語。

Statements 陳述句

They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 在他們到達旅館之前，他們已經吃早飯了。

從句中“arrived at”到達在“過去”的時間，而“had already had”吃早飯的動作發生在到達之前，因此主句的時態為“過去的過去”。

I had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this morning. 今天上午10：00點以前，我已經寫完了我的作文。

She had searched the internet for two hours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera. 當她找到了佳能數碼照相機的廣告時，她已經在因特網上查詢了兩個小時。

I went over what I had written again and again so that I wouldn’t make any mistakes. 我一遍又一遍地檢查了我所寫的內容，以至我沒能出現任何錯誤。

Negative 否定句

He remembered he hadn’t paid for it yet. 他記得他沒有付款。

He said that he had never seen such a beautiful bird before. 他說他在以前從來沒有看過這樣美麗的鳥。

Questions 疑問句

How many English flashes had you seen by the end of last term?

到上學期期末為止，你們看了多少部英文片。

Had you reached the station before ten o’clock.?

到十點以前，你們已經到達火車站了嗎？

關于過去完成時態的教學建議

教學時態的最好形式之一是在一定的語境中通過與其他時態的比較來加深學生對這個時態的理解，這樣學生首先有個感性認識，然后經過歸納總結，這種感性認識會逐步上升為理性認識。本單元第一次教學過去完成時，前面已教學了現在完成時態和一般過去時態。

教師首先讓學生學習第54課課文，讓他們找出含有過去完成時和現在完成時的句子。如：

1) She had searched the Internet for two hours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera.

2) After she had found more information,. . .

3) After he had checked out all the information about different kinds of cameras, . . .

讓學生觀察過去完成時與現在完成時在構成上的差異，如had或have+過去分詞，時間狀語的不同。

再要求學生比較過去完成時與一般過去時的不同，并且畫出時間線，以比較兩種時態。

教師此時再讓學生思考已找出的句子的前后語境，尤其要區分一般過去時與過去完成時

的不同用法。本單元出現的過去完成時態，學生只要掌握過去完成時在什么情況下使用，表達什么時間意義即可，因為下一單元還會繼續學習這個時態。根據上例，變化主語的數，要求學生做相應的句型轉換練習，其中包括陳述句，疑問句及其肯定與否定回答。

關于so that句型的教學建議

由so…that引導的狀語從句是本單元另一個語法重點。這個語法點并不難理解，教師應使學生認識這個句型表達的意思； so后面是跟形容詞還是副詞由so前面的謂語動詞類型決定。

教師事先準備好畫有jacket, shoes, socks, shirt, sweater, suit, trousers等衣物的圖片，以及寫有cost so much, cost so little, cheap, expensive, long, small等詞的卡片。把he，she，we，they，John，I寫在黑板上，然后出示相應的圖片和卡片，造句如下：

The jacket cost so much that he didn't buy it.

This pair of trousers are so long that I can't wear them.

…

教師先讓全班做快速口頭造句練習，然后板書一部分例句，簡要分析這個句型的構成及意義和使用場合。接著半班，行排之間進行快速口頭連鎖造句比賽。兩組輪流造句，不能重復。教師限定時間，造句多且準確的組為優勝。接著要求學生口頭完成練習冊練習題。檢查核對答案后，根據Study and practise和上面口頭完成的兩個練習，筆頭造句。并要他們注意使用不同類型的謂語動詞。對造句子多且好的學生應予以獎勵。 

關于購物用語的教學建議

本單元教學的主要交際項目是有關“購物 (shopping)”的日常用語。這個交際項目曾在第一冊、第二冊出現過。本單元的教學應在歸納總結以前知識的基礎上，采用多種教學手段和教學形式，使學生對“購物”這項交際項目有更全面的了解，并逐步掌握購物過程中“挑選物品、詢問價格、做出決定”的不同表達形式。建議教師采用如下教學步驟：

教師準備出示畫有shop, sweater，shoes的圖片或學習用品的實物，并要求一位學習好的學生配合教師演示如下對話：

1. (出示sweater 圖片)

T: My sweater is worn out.

S: You can buy one in the shop. It sells clothes there.

T: I want to go shopping now. Can you come with me, please? I can't decide which sweater to buy.

S: Let me help you.

2. S shopkeeper: What can I do for you?

C customer: I'd like two woolen sweaters for my friend.

S: Well, which colour do you like?

C: Blue.

S: What size do you want?

C: Size Ten.

S: What about this one?

C: It looks nice. Can I try it on, please?

S: Certainly.

C: Well, how much does it cost?

S: Eighty-five yuan.

C: Oh. That's cheap. I'll have it, please.

以上兩段對話基本上是在復習以前所學的有關購物的表達法，其間穿插了一些本單元第53課要學習的詞語和句子。這樣通過看教師的演示，學生復習、鞏固了以往所學的知識，并逐漸接觸新語言點，為下一步學習做好輔墊。

在學生們理解的基礎上，教師出示shoes的圖片，再次演示以上對話(注意對話中名詞、

代詞及謂語動詞等要作相應的變化)，并將主要句型板書于黑板上。然后全班、半班操練，以鞏固這些句型。

下一步教師要學生聽第53課錄音。然后全班、半班、行排、兩人一組分角色練習這段對話。

教第二部分對話時，教師可要學生聽錄音數遍或與事前安排好的學生演示數遍，使學生熟悉對話內容。在他們未學過的語句上，教師予以強調。然后分角色進行全班、半班、行排、兩人小組操練。

最后教師引導學生歸納總結“購物(shopping)”的日常交際用語。

選購物品：售貨員可以說以下的話：

Can I help you? What can I do for you? Which would you like? How many/much do you

want? Is that all? Do you like…? What about …? Which one/ colour / …do you like? What

size do you want? Is this one better? OK/Certainly. Here you are. No hurry. Please take your

time! I'm afraid we haven't got any …in that size at the moment. I'm sorry. We've sold out.

the… in your size. But we've got some… ones.

顧客可以說的話：

I want to buy (some) … (for…) this evening/afternoon/morning. Thank you. / Yes, please. I want … of..., please. I would like ..., please. I'd like… for … No. And some …please. I want some … About… (數量), please. We'll/Ill have a look at the …Thank you. I like the colour, but it's/they're too… /No, the colour's too .... It's great, but it's not… enough. /They are great, but they're not …enough. I prefer…, but this… is too… ! That's too … Yes. That's just right. Have you got any other kind/ colour /size? That looks nice/great. Can/May I try them/it on, please? Have you got anything cheaper?

談論價格并做決定：（顧客）How much does it cost?/ How much do they cost? How much are these things? That's (much) too expensive, I'm afraid. That's (quite) cheap/dear. That's a bit expensive. I like it, but it costs too much. / I like them, but they cost too much. I can't decide. I'll take it. I'll just buy…

售貨員：Let me see…(價格),…yuan /dollars please. You haven't paid for it yet. That's the cheapest/most expensive … we have, I'm afraid.