When was it built?
教學目標
1. 學習一些公共場所的標志和說明,要能正確理解,規范自己的行為。
2. 掌握本單元的詞匯,特別是一些短語的用法。
3. 進一步復習一些電話用語和電話對話中時態的綜合運用。
4. 進一步學習被動語態,特別是一般過去時態的被動語態謂語動詞形式,它的肯定式、否定式、疑問式及其答語等。
5. 認真學習"A visit to the Natural Museum",掌握一些有關dinosaur的常識,豐富自己的背景知識。
6. 能運用所學句型及語法結構來談論某些物品的制作、產地和作用以及制成材料的日常用語。
教學建議
教材內容分析
本單元主要圍繞學習方向和常見的標志語,以及對話(打電話)的方式學習了“詢問……”的表達法,學習了一些地點、建筑物和機構的名稱,學習了一些常用的詞、短語和句型,通過對話的方式學會如何談論展品。通過課文“A visit to the Natural History Museum”, 很自然地引出了一般過去時態的被動語態。講述了一般過去時態的被動語態的構成,它的肯定、否定和疑問句式及其簡略答語。通過本單元的學習,我們要掌握一些有關dinosaurs的常識,來豐富自己的一些短語和習慣用語。
本單元的短語和習慣用語
(一) 短語與詞組
1. in town 在城里
2. on show 陳列,展出
3. hundreds of 成百上千的
4. the way to 到……的路
5. on display 展出,陳列
6. a visit to… 一次去……的參觀
7. be interested in 對……感興趣
8. a group of 一群,一組,一對
9. in the 1920s 在二十世紀二十年代
10. long long ago 很久以前
11. long before 遠在……以前
12. That’s a pity 很遺憾
13. on the earth 在地球上
14. be covered with 用……覆蓋
15. the feathered dinosaurs 長有羽毛的恐龍
16. In the future 在將來
17. be founded (被)成立
18. where else 別的什么地方
19. look up 查閱(單詞……)
20. No smoking. 禁止吸煙。
21. No parking. 禁止停車
22. This side up 此面朝上
23. business hours 營業時間
24. No photos 禁止拍照
(二)常用的英語標識語。注意,標識語一般采用大寫形式。
CLOSED 打烊 PUSH 推 PULL拉
NO SMOKING 禁止吸煙 NO PARKING 禁止停車
NO PHOTOS禁止拍照 DANGER危險
PLAY 播放 STOP 停止 PAUSE 暫停
ON開 OFF關 BUSINESS HOURS營業時間
OFFICE HOURS 辦公時間 FRAGILE易碎
THIS SIDE UP 此面朝上 ENTRANCE入口處
EXIT出口處 OPEN營業中
(三)日常交際用語
1.電話用語
This is… speaking 我是……
2. 表示“有……”:
Are there any new inventions?
Is there any…?
3.其他
That’s very interesting. 那非常有趣。
Yes, many more. 是的,有許多。
When was the PLA founded? 中國人民解放軍什么時候成立的? (被動語態)
It’s best to…
Thanks to…
What’s next?
The ground must be just right.
The hole should not be too deep.
教學建議
本單元重點例句及相關知識的講解
1. I saw many old inventions on show.
我看到了許多古老的發明物在展覽。
on show意思是“陳列,展覽”。on表示“處于某種狀態中”。show在此作名詞用,與on構成短語,on + 名詞還有
on duty(值日),
on sale(出售),
on business(出差),
on leave(休假)等。例如:
There are a number of model cars on show in the museum. And some of the old things are on sale now. She went to Beijing on business last week. Her assistant is on leave now. She could show you around next week.
在博物館里有許多模型汽車展出,現在有些古老的東西正在出售。上周她到北京出差去了,她的助理也正在休假。她下周可以帶你轉轉。
2. They were all invented hundreds of years ago.
它們都是幾百年前發明的。
Hundreds of… 意思是“數以百計的,成百上千的”。hundreds, thousand, million等詞與of一起用時,表示不定量的數目,必須用復數形式,而且前面不能有具體的數字。例如:
He has received thousands of letters. Hundreds of people are still waiting for him.
他收到了成千上萬封信。數以百計的人還在等他。
當hundred, thousand等用來表示具體的數字時,要用原形,表示“一百/千……”時其前常有基數詞或“a”,后面直接跟所修飾的復數名詞。例如:
three hundred / thousand people / students
三百人/學生 三千人/學生
five hundred goats / sheep
五百只山羊/ 綿羊
3. But I don’t know the way to the museum.
但是,我不知道去博物館的路。
the way to… 意思是“去……地方的路“,關于問路的常用句式有:
(1) Could you tell me how I can get to…?
Would you tell me which is the way to…?
Could you tell me how to get to…?
Will you please show me the may to…?
請你告訴我到……怎么走好嗎?
(2) Could you tell me where the school is?
Where is the school, please?
請你告訴我學校在哪兒?
當然問路的表示法還有很多,在此不可能全歸納出來。
4. Have you ever seen dinosaurs on display in museum?
你在博物館里看過恐龍展覽嗎?
on display意思為“陳列,展出”。這是一個介詞短語,在句中可作表語和定語。同義詞組是on show。如:
Some of her paintings are on display / on show in the local art galley.
她的一些畫正在本地的美術館展出。
The things on show / on display were all a hundred years ago.
展覽的物品都有上百年的歷史了。
5. There you can see the fossils of many kinds of dinosaurs.
在那里你能看到許多中恐龍的化石。
fossil意思為“化石”,是不可數名詞;口語中還可指“守舊的人;落伍的人”。例如:
My grandpa doesn’t want to be an old fossil.
我爺爺可不愿做個落伍的人。
6. These eggs were found in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists in the 1920s.
這些蛋是一群科學家于二十世紀二十年代在戈壁大沙漠發現的。
in the 1920s意思為“在二十世紀二十年代”。年代的表達法:在年份前加the,年份后加s。如:in the 1840s在十九世紀四十年代
7. So these eggs were laid long long ago by dinosaurs.
這些恐龍蛋是很久以前恐龍孵化的。
句中laid是動詞lay(產卵)的過去分詞。
— How many eggs does your hen lay every week?
— Her hen is laying well,about three every week..
— 你的母雞每周產多少顆雞蛋?
— 我的雞正常下蛋,大約每周三個蛋。
注意區別以下幾個動詞,它們的原形,過去式,過去分詞及現在分詞。現將這三個詞的四種形態列表如下:
原形 現在分詞 過去式 過去分詞
lay(擺放;產卵)laying laid laid
lie(躺) lying lay lain
lie(說謊) lying lied lied
(1) It’s ten o’clock now. Don’t lie in bed all morning.
都十點鐘了,別一上午都躺在床上。
(2) She is an honest girl. She won’t lie to me. She has never lied to me.
她是個誠實的姑娘。她不會說謊的。她對我從來都沒撒過謊。
8. That means dinosaurs lived long before human beings appeared!
那就是說恐龍在人類出現之前就存在了。
appear不及物動詞,意為“出現”,反義詞是:disappear意思為“消失”。它們的名詞形式分別是appearance和disappearance。如:
When we reached the top of the hill, the town appeared below us.
當我們到達山頂時,市鎮就呈現在我們腳下。
Dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. Scientists try to explain their disappearance.
恐龍大約在六千五百萬年前就消失了。科學家試著解釋它們消失的原因。
9. I say it is special because the dinosaur was covered with feathers!
我說它特別,是因為恐龍身上長有羽毛。
be covered with在句中意為“被……覆蓋”,有時還用be covered by。例如:
The road was covered with yellow leaves. The fields were covered by flood. The ground was covered with the white snow.
道路曾被黃葉蓋住了。洪水曾淹沒了田地。大地曾覆蓋著白雪。
另外,cover… with…為主動形式,意思為“用……覆蓋”。例如:
The beautiful girl often covers her face with her hands.
那美麗的姑娘經常用手捂著臉。
10. It was founded on October 1, 1949.
它是1949年報0月成立的。
found vt.創立,創辦,它與find的過去式和過去分詞相同,注意在句中的區別。found的過去式和過去分詞是在其后加-ed,即:
find(尋找) found found
found(成立,建立) founded founded
例如:
Mr. Wang is going to found a new factory near our factory. He was very busy this morning. His lost coat was found under the bed at last.
王先生準備在我們工廠附近創辦一家新工廠。今天早上他很忙,他丟失的上衣終于在床下找到了。
11. It’s interesting, isn’t it?
它有趣,是嗎?
interesting和interested都來源于名詞interest,interesting可作表語和定語,主語常指物;interested作表語,主語常指人,常構成be (become) interested in… 對……感興趣。類似的詞還有surprising和surprised。
surprising和surprised都是由surprise變換而來的,前者有主動含義,后者有被動含義,surprising的主語通常是物,而surprised的主語通常是人。Be surprised at + n. (v. + ing) 對……感到驚訝,be surprised后還可接不定式和that引導的從句。例如:
(1) The news from the girl is very surprising. She said that dull film was interesting.
從那個女孩那兒得來的消息非常令人吃驚。她說那個無聊的電影很有趣。
(2) The students were very interested in dinosaurs when they visited the museum. They were surprised at seeing the teacher in front of them. Do you know why they surprised to meet their teacher in the museum?
學生們在參觀博物館時對恐龍很感興趣。他們很驚訝地看見老師就在他們前面。你知道在參觀博物館時,為什么他們對遇見老師感到很驚訝嗎?
12. When the bowl was filled with hot water, the wine would get warm.
當碗里裝滿了熱水,酒就會變熱。
Be filled with (某物)被裝滿……,
其主動式為fill… with… 把……裝滿……。例如:
When the room was filled with the smoke, we were filling the hole. The hole was filled with sand at last.
房間里彌漫著煙霧時,我們正用填洞。最終這個洞被沙填上了。
另外,類似的短語錄還有be full of:意思是“充滿……”表示狀態。
The bottle is full of milk.
這個瓶裝滿了牛奶。
The garden is full of sheep.
園子里到處是羊。
13. Have you used / worn it a lot?
你經常用 / 穿嗎?
這里的a lot相當于often,表示經常,在句中做狀語錄。另外,a lot常單獨使用,成為句子的一個成分,在句中可作主語、賓語或狀語,意思是“很多,非常”。例如:
(1) Thanks a lot (=very much)!(作狀語)
多謝!
(2) We can learn a lot (=much) from the workers.
(作賓語)我們能從工人們那里學到很多東西。
(3) A lot (=much) has been done about the thing.
(作主語)關于這件事已經采取了許多措施。
(4) It is a lot (=much) colder today.
(作狀語)今天冷多了。