Module 3 Adventure in Literature and the Cinema(Grammar)

module 3 adventure in literature and the cinema(grammar)
非謂語動詞講解

一. 非謂語動詞分為三類：
分詞， 包括現在分詞和過去分詞
現在分詞--interesting surprising 
過去分詞--interested   surprised
動名詞-- running   waiting
動詞不定式 --to run  to wait
他們具有名詞和形容詞的某些特征，因而可以做主語，表語，賓語，定語和狀語。
二.要注意動名詞和不定式作賓語時的區別：
動名詞和不定式都可以作動詞的賓語，要注意哪些動詞要求用不定式做賓語，哪些動詞則要求用動名詞作賓語。
非謂語動詞---動詞不定式
要求用不定式作賓語的動詞是：
want, wish, like, decide, help, begin, forget, learn, ask afford, agree, ask, attempt, begin, demand, desire, dislike, expect, hate, hope, learn, decide, seem, intend, try, refuse, manage, order, fail, choose, forget, mean, pretend, promise, seek, struggle,, venture, wait, 等等；
非謂語動詞---動詞不定式
he managed to pass the exam.
he persuaded me to accept the invitation.
he promised to be here at nine.
i didn’t expect to see you here.
在某些復合賓語中，常先用it代表不定式，而把不定式放到后面去。例如：
he considered it better to leave now.
i found it impossible to finish the work on time.
非謂語動詞---動詞不定式
由only, last, next 序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語; 不定式還可用作名詞或代詞的的賓語
she is always the first student to arrive at school.
he is always the last one to leave the office.
i don’t think he is the best man to do the job.
i have no desire to travel.
you’ll find something to interest you here.
there is no need to bother him with such trifles.
非謂語動詞---動詞不定式
不帶to 的動詞不定式
在有些使役動詞及感官動詞后可用省略to的動詞不定式，如let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch等。例如：
the teacher makes me rewrite the composition.
i heard her say that she was fed up.
非謂語動詞----動名詞
動名詞是由動詞原形 + ing構成，在句中可作賓語、表語、同位語等。
要求用動名詞做賓語的動詞是：
mind, enjoy, miss, imagine, finish, suggest, risk, advise, deny, practise, require admit, acknowledge, appreciate, avoid can’t help, consider, dislike, excuse, favor, finish, give up,  keep on, miss, postpone, put off,  stop, look forward to,  object to, be accustomed to, be used to doing, succeed in, look like, feel like, insist on, stick to,  persist in, 等等。

非謂語動詞----動名詞
例如：
some people do not enjoy smoking.