2017屆高三英語語法知識定語從句復(fù)習(xí)教案
(錯) i will never forget the days when i spent in the countryside.
(對) this is the mountain village (which) i visited last year.
(對) i\'ll never forget the days (which) i spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。
例1. is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
a. where b. that c. on which d. the one
例2. is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
a. where b. that c. on which d. the one
答案:例1 d,例2 a
例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?this museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?this is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分為賓語,而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關(guān)系代詞,所以應(yīng)選d。
而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點,既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum詞組,可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點狀語。而此題中,介詞on 用的不對,所以選a。
關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時,選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時,應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點狀語,when 時間狀語,why 原因狀語) 。
18.4 限制性和非限制性定語從句
1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如:
this is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。(限制性)
the house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個月買的。(非限制性)
2) 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時,其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如:
charles smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理•史密斯去年退休了,他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。
my house, which i bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。
this novel, which i have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人,我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。
3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如:
he seems not to have grasped what i meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎沒抓住我的意思,這使我心煩。
liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。
說明:關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
18.5 介詞+關(guān)系詞
1)介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。