高考語法專題:定語從句
考綱新研讀
考查的重點是介詞+關系代詞which,whom引導的定語從句;非限制性定語從句也時有考查。
1.限制性定語從句
句子作定語,由關系代詞和關系副詞引導,被修飾部
分叫先行詞。
(1)關系代詞:that, which, who, whom, whose,在句子中
作主語或賓語,作賓語時可省略。
that,指人或物:
who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?
the finger (that) i put into my mouth was not the one
(that) i
had dipped into the cup.
which,指物:
a chemical’s shop is a shop which sells medicine.(作主語)
the film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.(作賓語)
who, whom, whose,指人,分別做主語、賓語和定語:
the man who visited our class yesterday is our new headmaster.
who’s the man (whom) you just talked to?
this is the room whose window faces south.
介詞后指人用whom,指物用which。
介詞可提前,也可在后;在后時可用who, that,也可省略:
this is the room in which we lived last year.
= this is the room
(which/that) we lived in last year.
who’s the man with whom you just shook hands?= who’s the
man (who/whom/that) you just shook hands with?
但是固定搭配,介詞不能提前:
is this the book which she was looking for?
(2)關系副詞:when, where, why,在定語從句中分別作時間、地點
和原因狀語。
when,指時間:
i still remember the day when (on which) i first came to beijing.
比較:i still remember the day that i spent in beijing.
where,指地點:
this is the house where (in which) i lived two years ago.
比較:this is the house that i bought two years ago.
why,指原因:在“reason”后:
the reason why he was late is that the car broke down on the way.
比較:the reason that he gave us is not reasonable.