2019屆中考英語定語從句詳解
一。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. 關(guān)系代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞句子成分 用于限制從句或非限制性從句 只用于限制性從句代替人 代替物 代替人或物主語 who which that主語 whom which that賓語 whose（=of whom） whose（=of which）
例1：this is the detective who came from london.例2：the book which i am reading is written by tomas hardy.例3：the desk whose leg is broken is very old.例4：this is the room that shakespeare was born in.限制性定語從句：關(guān)系代詞的用法（1） 如果先行詞是all， much， anything， something， nothing， everything， little， none， few等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which.例如：all the people that are present burst into tears.（2） 如果先等詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞以及first， last， any， only， the same， few， much， no， some， very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that，不用which， who，或whom.例如：shanghai is the biggest city （that） i have ever seen. this is the only book （that） i want to borrow. it's the third time （that） i have been here. this is the same book that you bought yesterday.（3）先行詞有兩個，一個指人，一個指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that.例如：the boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句中往往有逗號，不能用關(guān)系代詞that，只能用which（物）或who（人），作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如：there are about seven million people taking part in the election， most of whom are well educated. which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：he succeeded in the competition， which made his parents very happy.
"介詞＋關(guān)系代詞"是一個普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)（1） "介詞＋關(guān)系代詞"可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。"介詞＋關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in， on， about， from， for， with， to at， of， without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which，不可用 that . this room where /in which i have lived faces the south. this room at which/where i stand lived an old man. he built a telescope through where /which he could study the skies. this is the man whom / for whom we are looking.（2） from where為"介詞＋關(guān)系副詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如：we stood at the top of the hill， from where we can see the town……