2022屆中考英語語法基礎復習(精選5篇)
2022屆中考英語語法基礎復習 篇1
【沖擊XX年中考英語精品復習資料】語法基礎-1 介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關系的詞。在句中不能單獨作句字成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當于名詞的其他詞類,短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構成介詞詞組,在句中作主語, 狀語,表語,補語或介詞賓語。例如: most of the students went to the classroom. 大部分學生去了教室。 we play basketball on the sports ground. 我們在操場上打藍球。 介詞常與動詞,形容詞,名詞一起構成固定搭配。 belong to 屬于 rely on 依靠 talk to 同...談話 be afraid of 害怕 be strict with對...嚴格 介詞一般放在名詞之前。但它后面的介詞賓語是疑問代詞,疑問副詞或者關系代詞時,這些詞提到了前面而只剩下介詞在后了。 where do you come from? 你是哪兒人? who are you talking to? 你在跟誰談話呢? what do you study for? 你為了什么而學習? 介詞在英語詞匯中所占比例很小,但它們的用法卻非常靈活,復雜。下列為常用介詞及含義: about 關于,附近,大約,周圍,隨身. i have bought a book about shakespearean. 我買了一本有關莎士比亞的書。 there are about fifteen trees in the picture. 圖片里大約有十五棵樹。 above 在....上,高出,以上,超過,在...上游. the plane is flying above the clouds. 飛機在云上飛行。 i think the man is above sixty years old. 我想那人有六十多歲了。 across 橫過,對面,交叉,在...的對面. can you swim across the river? 你能游過河嗎? we live across the street. 我們住在街的對面。 after 在...后面,依照. he went home after school. 他放學后就回家了。 read after me, please. 請跟我朗讀。 against 撞到,靠著,反對,違背, the car hit against the tree. 汽車撞了樹。 he is standing against the wall. 他靠墻站著。 along 沿著,順著. they are walking along the river. 他們沿著河行走。 among 在...當中. he is the tallest among them. 他是他們當中個子最高的。 around 在...的周圍,在...那一邊. they sat around the table talking the news. 他們繞桌而坐談論新聞。 there is a drugstore around the corner. 拐角處有一家藥店。 as 作為. he doesn't like people treat him as a child. 他不喜歡人們把他當小孩子對待。 at 在...時刻,在...點鐘,在...歲時, 向,在...之中,按...速度,值(賣)...錢, he always gets up at six in the morning. 他時常早上六點鐘起床。 he shot at the bird but missed it. 他向鳥射擊,但是沒射中。 the car goes at eighty miles an hour. 汽車以每小時八十公里的速度行駛。 before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(時間) e took a picture before the car. 他在汽車前照了張照片。 he can't finish his work before supper. 晚飯前他完不成工作。 behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于,不如, 遲于,晚于(時間) are there any brooms behind the door. 門后有掃帚嗎? all of us are behind him in mathematics. 我們數學都不如他。 below 在...之下,低于, there are four lights below the ceiling. 天花板下面有四盞燈。 the murderer run away below the police's eyes. 殺人犯從警察眼皮底下跑了。 beside 在...的旁邊,在...之外,與...相比. he found the body by the river. 他在河邊發(fā)現了尸體。 beside yours, my computer is too slow. 與你的計算機速度相比,我的就慢多了。 besides 除...之外, we are all here besides bowe. 除鮑外,我們也都來了。 between 在...兩者之間, the relations between the two countries has improved since then. 兩國的關系從那以后得到了改善。 beyond 在...那邊, the shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it. 你要找的商店在街的那邊,你不會找不到的。 but 除去. he has nothing but money. 他除錢以外什么都沒有。 by 被..., 在...的近旁 , 在...之前, 不遲于, 以...為手段。 the classroom was cleaned by the students. 教室由學生們打掃干凈了。 miss lucy came to china by air. 露西小姐是乘飛機來中國的。 down 沿著...望下。 she walked down the street. 她沿著街道走。 during 在...期間,在...時候。 during the holiday, we went to the south. 我們假期去了南方。 except 除...之外。 he knows nothing except english. 他除英語以外什么都不知道。 for 為..., 因為..., 至于... 。 he works for this company. 他為這家公司工作。 she came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom. 她返回到教室是因為把書留在了那里。 ? from 從..., 來自..., 因為...。 where are you from? 你是哪里人? he died from an accident. 他死于一場事故。 in 在..., 在...之內,從事于..., 按照..., 穿著...。 he was born in 1992. 他生于1992年。 i could finish the program in two weeks. 我可以用兩周時間完成這個項目。 he spend less time in reading. 他讀書時間很少。 the man in black jacket is our teacher. 穿黑夾克的那個人是我們的老師。 like 象...,如同...。 the twins are like their father. 雙胞胎象他們的父親。 near 靠近....。 there are some flowers near the house. 房子附近有一些花。 of ...的,屬于...。 this is a map of china. 這是一張中國地圖。 off 離開...,在...之外。 the young man got off the train quickly. 那個年青人很快下了火車。 i live in a village a little way off the main road. 我住在離大路不遠的一個村莊里。 on 在...之上。 my book is on the table. 我的書在桌子上。 out of 從...出來,在...之外。 the dog run out of the house. 狗從房子里跑出來。 outside ... 外邊. they are waiting outside the gate. 他們在門外等著。 over 在...之上,遍于...之上,越過...。 there is a light over the desk. 桌子上方有盞燈。 he is over sixty years old. 他有六十多歲。 past 越過...,過...,超越...。 the students walked past the post office. 學生們走過了郵局。 it is ten past two. 現在是兩點十分。 round 圍著...,繞過...,在...周圍。 we sat round the table. 我們圍著桌子坐下。 the earth goes round the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉。 since 自... 以后,自...以來。 he has made great progress in english since he came into the college. 從他來到大學后,他的英語有了很大進步。 through 經過...,穿過...。 they went through the forest. 他們穿過了森林。 throughout 遍及...,在各處。 the police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain. 警察搜山尋找犯人。 till 直到...,在...以前。 he didn't come back till eleven o'clock. 他直到十一點鐘才回來。 we'll be home till six. 六點以前我們都會在家。 to 到...,向...,趨于。 how long is it from here to the station? 從這兒到車站有多遠? under 在...之下,低于。 there are some footballs under the bed. 床底下有幾顆足球。 these students are under seventeen years old. 這些學生們不到十七歲。 until 直到,在...以前, please wait for us until we come back. 請等著我們回來。 it was not until last week that i handed in mathematics paper. 直到上周,我才交了數學論文。 up 在...上面,在...上。 he went up the stairs. 他上了樓梯。 upon 在...之上,迫近...。 it's not polite to look down upon him. 蔑視他是不禮貌的。 within 在...之內。 you must finish the work within two weeks. 你必須兩周內完成這項工作。 without 沒有,不,在...之外。 we can't do it better without your help. 沒有你的幫助,我們就做不好。 we couldn't live without air and water. 沒有空氣和水,我們就不可能生存。
2022屆中考英語語法基礎復習 篇2
【沖擊XX年中考英語精品復習資料】語法基礎-3副 詞 的 定 義: 副詞是一種用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或全句的詞,說明時間,地點,程度,方式等概念。 副 詞 的 分 類: 1) 時間和頻度副詞: now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, lately, next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday. 2) 地點副詞: here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on. 3) 方式副詞: carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 4) 程度副詞: much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly. 5) 疑問副詞: how, when, where, why. 6) 關系副詞: when, where, why. 7) 連接副詞: how, when, where, why, whether. 副 詞 的 用 法: 副詞在句中可作狀語,表語,短語。 he works hard. 他工作努力。 you speak english quite well. 你英語講的很好。 is she in ? 她在家嗎? let's be out. 讓我們出去吧。 food here is hard to get. 這兒很難弄到食物。 副 詞 的 位 置: 1) 多數副詞都可以放在動詞的后面,如果動詞帶有賓語,副詞就放在賓語后面。 i get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。 he gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天給了我一件禮物。 she didn't drink water enough. 她沒喝夠水。 the train goes fast. 火車跑得快。 we can go to this school freely. 我們可以免費到這家學校學習。 they left a life hardly then. 當時他們的生活很艱難。 he has a new cat on today. 他今天戴了一頂新帽子。 i have seen this film twice with my friends. 這部電影我和朋友看過兩次。 2) 副詞修飾形容詞,副詞時,副詞在前面,而被修飾的詞在后面。 it's rather easy, i can do it. 這很容易,我能做到。 he did it quite well. 他做得相當好。 it's rather difficult to tell who is right. 很難說誰是對的。 it's so important that i must tell my friends. 這件事太重要了,我得告訴我的朋友。 it's much better. 好多了。 3) 頻度副詞可放在實義動詞的前面,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞的后面。 i often help him these days. 這些日子我經常幫助他。 i always remember the day when i first came to this school. 我常常記得我第一次來學校的那一天。 you mustn't always help me. 你不能老是幫助我。 he seldom comes to see us. 他很少來看我們。 we usually go shopping once a week. 我們通常一周買一次東西。 the new students don't always go to dance. 新學生并不時常去跳舞。 4) 疑問副詞,連接副詞,關系副詞以及修飾整個句子的副詞,通常放在句子或從句的前面。 when do you study everyday? 你每天什么時間學習? can you tell me how you did it? 你能告訴我你如何做的嗎? first, let me ask you some questions. 先讓我來問幾個問題。 how much does this bike cost? 這輛車子多少錢? either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他來。 the students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 當老師進教室時,學生們正在讀書。 5) 時間副詞和地點副詞在一個句中, 地點副詞在前面時間副詞在后面。 we went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday. 昨天九點鐘我們到超市買東西了. what were you doing in the classroom yesterday evening? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么? the accident took place one hour ago in the eleven avenue. 一小時前十一號大街發(fā)生了一場事故。 副 詞 的 比 較 等 級: 副詞和形容詞一樣,也有它的比較級和最高級形式. 可以參考形容詞的變換形式。但以詞尾 -ly 結尾的副詞(除 early )須用 more 和 most 。 hard harder hardest fast faster fastest early earlier earliest much more most warmly more warmly most warmly 單音節(jié)副詞的比較級是在副詞后面加上 -er 構成的,最高級是在副詞后面加上 -est 構成的。 near nearer nearest hard harder hardest 多音節(jié)副詞的比較級是在副詞的前面加上 -more 構成的。 最高級是在副詞前面加上 -most 構成的。 warmly more warmly most warmly successfully more successfully most successfully 有些副詞的比較級和最高級形式是不規(guī)則的。 well-better - best little - less - least much- more - most badly - worse - worst far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest) 副詞的比較級和最高級用法同形容詞的比較級用法基本一樣。 最高級形式句中 the 可以省略。 he works harder than i. 他比我工作努力。 lucy gets up earlier than lili. 露西比麗麗起床早。 he runs fastest in our class. 他在我們班跑地最快。 he dives deeper than his teammates. 他比他的隊員潛水深。 it's true that he speak english more fluently than any of us. 他英語講的確實比我們任何人都好。 our school team play football best in our region. 我們校隊在我們地區(qū)足球踢得最好的。
2022屆中考英語語法基礎復習 篇3
【沖擊XX年中考英語精品復習資料】語法基礎-4 非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞,形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式,而不是作謂語的動詞形式。 動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞,分詞,動詞不定式。 climbing mountain is a good exercise. (climbing..., 動名詞起名詞作用) 爬山是一項好運動。 do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分詞起形容詞作用) 你認識那個穿白襯衣的人嗎? he gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副詞作用) 他早早起床是為了趕上第一班汽車。 謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的區(qū)別: 3) 謂語動詞在句中可單獨作謂語,而非謂語動詞不能單獨作謂語。 miss mary teaches us english. 瑪麗教我們英語。(teaches 動詞作謂語) mr.victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. 維克托先生上周來到了我們教室和我們談話。 (to have a talk.... 不定式作狀語) 4) 謂語動詞受主語的人稱和數的限制,而非謂語動詞形式沒有這種限制。 larke likes the pop music. 拉克喜歡流行音樂。 (動詞用單數第三人稱形式) larke has nothing to do today. 拉克今天沒什么事要做。(do 用原形) 非謂語動詞的特征: 3 如果非謂語動詞是及物動詞,后面須跟賓語。 studying english is my favorite. 學習英語是我的愛好。(studying 后跟賓語) to help him is my duty. 幫助他是我的責任。(help 后跟賓語) 4 非謂語動詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。 working under such a condition is terrible. 在這樣的環(huán)境下工作太可怕了。 (under such a condition 是 working 的狀語) it's too difficult for him to master english in such a short time. 他在這么短的時間內掌握英語太難了。 (for him 作不定式的邏輯主語) 5 非謂語動詞仍有語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化。 i am sorry to have kept you waiting long. 對不起讓你久等了。 (to have kept...是不定式的完成形式) seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful. 從山上看,這座城市美麗多了。 (seen from...是分詞的被動形式) 6 非謂語動詞在句中可以當成名詞或者形容詞來使用。 our coming made him happy. 我們的到來使他很高興。(coming 起名詞作用) there are two big swimming pools here. 這兒有兩個大型游泳池。 (swimming 起形容詞作用) 非謂語動詞的形式變化: 不 定 式 主 動 被 動 一 般 to write to be written 進 行 to be writing / 完 成 to have written to have been written 完成進行 to have been writing / 現在分詞 主 動 被 動 一 般 writing being written 完 成 having written having been written 過去分詞 一般 written 動 名 詞 主 動 被 動 一 般 writing being written 完 成 having written having been written 分 詞 分詞是由動詞 +ing 或 動詞 + ed 構成,它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用,可以作定語,表語,狀語。 working worked washing washed 分詞可分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩種,現在分詞的形式同動名詞一樣,在動詞后面加 ing 。 而過去分詞的形式則在動詞后面加 ed. 分詞在句中可作定語,狀語或表語。 分詞作定語 china is a developing country. 中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。 that's an interesting story. 這是一個有趣的故事。 the girl singing for us is ten years old. 給我們唱歌的女孩十歲了。 作定語的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前,如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后, 如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等,分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。 the working people have played a great role in the activity. 工人在這次活動中起主要作用。 the boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately. 被汽車撞傷的小孩馬上被送到了醫(yī)院。 there is nothing interesting. 沒什么有趣的事。 分詞和動名詞都可以作定語,判斷是分詞還是動名詞,可以根據它們和被修飾詞有無邏輯上的主謂關系來判斷, 有主謂關系的是分詞, 否則判斷為動名詞。 a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。(分詞) a swimming pool 游泳的池子 (動名詞) 分詞作狀語 being a student, he likes to help others. 作為一個學生,他喜歡幫助別人。 wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily. 戴了一副新眼鏡,她看書就好多了。 she is there waiting for us. 她在那兒等我們呢。 told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong. 經老師一說,她知道自己不對。 分詞作表語 the story is interesting . 故事有趣。 we are interested in computer. 我們對計算機感興趣。 the glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。 the water is boiled. 水是開的。 分詞作賓語補足語 可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。 i saw him walking in the street. 我看見他在街上走。 i heard them singing in the classroom. 我聽見他們在教室里唱歌。 we found the boy sleeping. 我們發(fā)現小孩睡著了。 have 后面的賓語補足語用過去分詞常表示動作不是句子的主語發(fā)出的,而是由別人做的。 i have my hair cut. 我理發(fā)了。(是別人給我理發(fā)) she has her bike repaired. 她把自行車修理了。(別人修理的) they have their house rebuilt. 他們重修了房子。 分詞的否定形式。not + 分詞 not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait. 不知道下一步干什么,她停下來等著。 not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school. 小女孩沒完成作業(yè)不敢去學校。 分詞的時態(tài) 分詞的一般時表示動作同謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或之前發(fā)生。 seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing. 看到老師進來,學生們停下來不玩了。 coming into the room, he lied on his bed. 回到家后,他就躺在床上。 分詞的完成時表示的動作在謂語動詞的前面發(fā)生。 having received a latter, i knew everything is all right. 收到一封信后,我知道一切都很好。 having had my supper, i went out for a walk. 晚飯后,我出去散步了。 having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky. 他知道自己比賽獲勝,高興地把帽子扔上了天。 分詞的被動形式 分詞的被動形式表示分詞動作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動關系。 the entertainment building being built will be completed next year. 正在建設的娛樂大樓明年完工。
2022屆中考英語語法基礎復習 篇4
【沖擊XX年中考英語精品復習資料】語法基礎-2冠詞是一種虛詞,用在名詞或名詞詞組的前面,表示名詞是特指還是泛指。冠詞可分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種形式。 不定冠詞有 a, an。 定冠詞有 the. 其中, a 用在發(fā)音以輔音開頭的名詞之前, 而 an 則 用在 發(fā)音以元音開頭的名詞之前。不定冠詞的用法: 1) 表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個,經常用在第一次提到某人或某物時,用不定冠詞起介紹作用,表示一個。 i gave him a book yesterday. 我昨天給了他一本書。 i am reading an interesting story . 我在讀一本有趣的故事書。 i have got a ticket. 我有一張票。 there is a tree in front of my house. 我的屋前有一棵樹。 2) 表示人或事物的某一種類, 強調整體, 即以其中的一個代表一類。 a horse is useful to mankind. 馬對人類有用。 a bird can fly. 鳥會飛。 a steel worker makes steel. 煉鋼工人煉鋼。 3) 不定冠詞用在事物的"單位"前,如時間, 速度, 價格等意義的名詞之前,表示 "每一"。 we often go to school two times a day. 我們常常一天兩次去學校。 i went to the library once a week at least. 我一星期至少去一次圖書館。 the potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin. 土豆賣三毛錢一斤。 4) 不定冠詞用來指某人某物,但不具體說明任何人或任何物。 a boy came to see you a moment ago. 剛才有一個小孩來找你。 i got this tool in a shop. 我在商店買的這件工具。 we need a car now. 我們現在需要一輛車。 she is ill, she has to see a doctor. 她病了,她得去看病。 5) 不定冠詞用于某些詞組。 a few 幾個 a little 有點 she has a few friends in this city. 她在這個城市中有幾個朋友。 there is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有點牛奶。 only a few students are in the classroom. 只有幾個學生在教室里。 定冠詞的用法。 1) 定冠詞特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以區(qū)別于同類中其他的人或事物。 the bag in the desk is mine. 桌子里的書包是我的。 is this the book you are looking for? 這是你要找的書嗎? do you know the man in back? 你知道穿黑色衣服的人是誰嗎? it is not the car we are looking for. 這不是我們要找的車。 the man has found his child. 那個人找到了他的孩子。 2) 定冠詞用來指上文中已提到過的人或事物。 i bought a book from xinhua book-shop. the book costs 15 yuan. 我從新華書店買了一本書. 這本書值十五元。 i saw a film yesterday.the film was ended at eight o'clock. 我昨天看了一場電影。電影八點鐘結束的。 lucy bought a radio yesterday, but she found something was wrong with the radio. 露西昨天買了一臺收音機,但是她發(fā)現收音機有問題。 3) 定冠詞用于表示世界上獨一無二的事物或用于自然界現象或方位名詞之前。 the sun the moon the earth the sky the world the winter night the sun is bigger than the moon. 太陽比月亮大。 i can see a bird in the sky. 我能看到天空中有一只小鳥。 i like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening. 我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。 4) 定冠詞與單數名詞連用,表示這一類人或物。 the dog is not too danger. 狗不太危險。 the cat is an animal. 貓是一種動物。 the umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season. 這個季節(jié)商店里的雨傘很便宜。 5) 定冠詞與某些形容詞連用,使形容詞名詞化, 表示某一類人。 the poor, the rich, the wounded, the sick, the deaf. the wounded were brought to the hospital. 受傷者被送到了醫(yī)院。 he always helps the poor. 他經常幫助窮人。 the deaf can go to this special school. 耳聾者可以進這所特殊學校上學。 6) 用在序數詞, 形容詞最高級和表示方位的名詞前。 this is the biggest city in china i have ever visited. 這是我在中國參觀的最大的城市。 i saw a plane coming from the east. 我看見一架飛機從東方飛來。 he is the last one to help me. 他不會來幫助我的。 7) 定冠詞用在演奏樂器的名稱和文藝活動,運動場所的名稱前。 the little girl likes to play the violin. 小女孩喜歡拉小提琴。 they are going to the cinema tonight. 他們今晚要去影院看電影。 the theater was on fire last week. 劇院昨天著火了。 8) 定冠詞用在報刊,雜志的名稱的名詞之前。 i am reading the china daily now. 我現在正讀中國日報。 have you got the evening paper yet? 你拿到晚報了嗎? the times is a foreign newspaper. 泰晤士報是一家外國報紙。 the peking review is on the desk. 北京周報在桌子上放著。 9) 定冠詞用在江河,海洋,山脈,群島的名稱之前。 we live near the yellow river. 我們住在黃河邊上。 the changjiang river is the biggest one in china. 長江是中國最大的河。 the himalayas is located in tibet. 喜馬拉雅山位于西藏。 10) 定冠詞用在姓名復數之前,表示一家人。 the greens is very kind to us. 格林一家人待我們很好。 the whites like the classic music. 懷特一家喜歡古典音樂。 不用冠詞的場合。 1) 專有名詞,抽象名詞和物質名詞之前一般不用冠詞。 china is a largest country in the world. 中國是世界上最大的國家。 i think water is a kind of food, too. 我認為水也是一種食物。 cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起來柔軟。 2) 表示日常餐食名詞之前不用冠詞,但如果指具體的飲食時用定冠詞 the。 it's time for breakfast. 該吃早飯了。 what do you have for lunch? 你午飯吃點什么? the dinner i had at that restaurant was expensive. 我在那家飯店吃的飯很貴。 3) 在季節(jié),月份,星期,節(jié)日。球類運動,棋類游戲的名詞之前不用冠詞。 summer is hot and winter is cold here. 這兒夏天熱冬天冷。 new year's day is coming. 新年就要到啦。 today is the first day of may. 今天是五月的第一天。 we are going to play basketball this afternoon. 今天下午我們要去打籃球。 we don't like bridge very much. 我們不太喜歡橋牌。 4)語言的名稱前不用冠詞。 can you speak english? 你會講英語嗎? it's difficult to learn chinese well. 要學好中文很難。 tom knows english but he doesn't know french. 湯姆懂英語但不懂法語。 5) 某些固定詞組不用冠詞。 by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact, from morning till night. i'm going to chicago by air next week. 下周我要乘飛機去芝加哥。 i go to school on foot . 我步行去學校上學。 in fact, i don't know him at all. 實際上,我一點也不認識他。 he is at home today. 他今天在家。
2022屆中考英語語法基礎復習 篇5
【沖擊XX年中考英語精品復習資料】語法基礎-8動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞的形式 非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞,形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式,而不是作謂語的動詞形式。 動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞,分詞,動詞不定式。 climbing mountain is a good exercise. (climbing..., 動名詞起名詞作用) 爬山是一項好運動。 do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分詞起形容詞作用) 你認識那個穿白襯衣的人嗎? he gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副詞作用) 他早早起床是為了趕上第一班汽車。 謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的區(qū)別: 1) 謂語動詞在句中可單獨作謂語,而非謂語動詞不能單獨作謂語。 miss mary teaches us english. 瑪麗教我們英語。(teaches 動詞作謂語) mr.victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. 維克托先生上周來到了我們教室和我們談話。 (to have a talk.... 不定式作狀語) 2) 謂語動詞受主語的人稱和數的限制,而非謂語動詞形式沒有這種限制。 larke likes the pop music. 拉克喜歡流行音樂。 (動詞用單數第三人稱形式) larke has nothing to do today. 拉克今天沒什么事要做。(do 用原形) 非謂語動詞的特征: 1 如果非謂語動詞是及物動詞,后面須跟賓語。 studying english is my favorite. 學習英語是我的愛好。(studying 后跟賓語) to help him is my duty. 幫助他是我的責任。(help 后跟賓語) 2 非謂語動詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。 working under such a condition is terrible. 在這樣的環(huán)境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語) it's too difficult for him to master english in such a short time. 他在這么短的時間內掌握英語太難了。(for him 作不定式的邏輯主語) 3 非謂語動詞仍有語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化。 i am sorry to have kept you waiting long. 對不起讓你久等了。(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式) seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful. 從山上看,這座城市美麗多了。(seen from...是分詞的被動形式) 4 非謂語動詞在句中可以當成名詞或者形容詞來使用。 our coming made him happy. 我們的到來使他很高興。(coming 起名詞作用) there are two big swimming pools here. 這兒有兩個大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容詞作用) 非謂語動詞的形式變化: 不 定 式 主 動 被 動 一般 to write to be written 進行 to be writing / 完成 to have written to have been written 完成進行 to have been writing / 現 在 分 詞 主 動 被 動 一般 writing being written 完成 having written having been written 過 去 分 詞 一般 written 動 名 詞 主 動 被 動 一 般 writing being written 完 成 having written having been written 動 詞 不 定 式: 動詞不定式是由 to + 動詞原形構成,在句中起名詞,形容詞和副詞的作用,可以擔任除謂語以外的其它任何成分。 1 動詞不定式作主語: to mast a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一門語言不是一件容易的事情。 to teach english is my favorite. 教英語是我的愛好。 it's my pleasure to help you. 很樂意幫助你。 動詞不定式作主語時可以放在后面,而用 it 作形式主語放在原主語的位置上。 it's very kind of you to have given us much help. 你給了我們那么多的幫助真是太好了。 it's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目擊者。 2 動詞不定式作賓語: 某些及物動詞可以用動詞不定式作賓語,這些動詞有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. what i wish is to learn english well. 我所希望的是把英語學好。 i like to help others if i can. 如果有可能的話,我喜歡幫助別人。 3 動詞不定式作賓語補語 。 we expect you to be with us. 我們希望你和我們在一起。 please ask him to come here quickly. 請叫他快過來。 4 動詞不定式作表語 : what i should do is to finish the task soon. 我應該做的是趕快完成任務。 the most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 當務之急是馬上去找孩子。 5 動詞不定式作定語: there are many ways to solve the problem. 有許多方法能解決這個問題。 i have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告訴你。 6 不定式作狀語: we went to the hospital to see our teacher. 我們去醫(yī)院看了我們的老師。 she is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a tibet flower. 她在做試驗,從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。 動詞不定式的否定形式: not + to + 動詞原形 the teacher told us not to swim in that river. 老師告訴我們不要在那條河里游泳。 it's unfair not to tell us. 沒告訴我們真是不公平。 帶疑問詞的不定式: 疑問詞who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面,構成不定式短語,使含義更加具體。 where to go is not known yet. 去什么地方還不知道。 i don't know when to begin. 我不知道什么時間開始。 can you tell me where to get the battery. 你能告訴我哪兒能買到電池嗎? do you know how to get to the station. 你知道怎樣去車站嗎? 帶邏輯主語的不定式: 動詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語,構成方法是: for + 邏輯主語 + 不定式。 注意:邏輯主語用賓格形式, for 本身無實際意義,它只表明后面的主語從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語。 it's necessary for us to help each other. 我們互相幫忙是必要的。 there are much work for me to finish, 有許多工作要我去完成。 動詞不定式的時態(tài): 動詞不定式一般時:表示動作和句中謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或之后發(fā)生。 i helped him put the things into the car. 我?guī)椭褨|西放進了汽車。 i want to see you again. 我想再見到你。 would you like to have a rest. 你愿意休息一下嗎? 動詞不定式完成時: 表示動作在句中謂語動詞的動作之前發(fā)生。 we are sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 對不起,我們讓你久等了。 they seems to have known the answers. 他們好像知道了答案。 動詞不定式進行時:表示動作同句中謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生,強調動作正在進行。 they seem to be working hard. 他們好像在努力工作。 動詞不定式的被動形式: 表示不定式動詞同所修飾的名詞是被動關系 。 he is the man to be examined. 他是受檢查的人。 there are much work to be done. 有好多工作要做。