牛津高中英語語法復習：動詞時態
現在進行時的基本用法：
a. 表示現在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發生的事情。we are waiting for you.
b. 習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。
mr. green is writing another novel.
(說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態。)
she is learning piano under mr. smith.
c. 表示漸變的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
the leaves are turning red.
it's getting warmer and warmer.
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。
you are always changing your mind.
典型例題
my dictionary ___, i have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
a. has lost, don't find b. is missing, don't find c. has lost, haven't found d. is missing, haven't found.
答案d. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態，應用進行時，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應用完成時，瞬間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時。
19 不用進行時的動詞
1) 事實狀態的動詞
have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue
i have two brothers.
this house belongs to my sister.
2) 心理狀態的動詞
know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate
i need your help.
he loves her very much.
3 ) 瞬間動詞
accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.
i accept your advice.
4) 系動詞
seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn
you seem a little tired.
20 過去進行時
1） 概念：表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。
2） 過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景；一個長動作發生的時候，另一個短動作發生。
3) 常用的時間狀語
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
my brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
it was raining when they left the station.
when i got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
典型例題
1) mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
a. made b. is making c. was making d. makes
答案c. 割傷手指是已發生的事情，應用過去時。同 時，when表時間的同時性，"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發生的背景，因此用過去進行時。
2) as she ___ the newspaper, granny ___ asleep.
read； was falling b. was reading； fell c. was reading； was falling d. read； fell
答案b.句中的as = when, while，意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發生的背景時，用過去進行；一個長動作發生的時候，另一個短動作發生。句意為 "在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell (fall的過去時)，是系動詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。