牛津高中英語語法復習：動詞時態

21 將來進行時
1) 概念：表示將來某時進行的狀態或動作，或按預測將來會發生的事情。
　　　she'll be coming soon.
　　　i'll be meeting him sometime in the future.
注意：將來進行時不用于表示"意志"，不能說 i'll be having a talk with her.
2）常用的時間狀語
soon, tomorrow, this evening，on sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening
by this time tomorrow, i'll be lying on the beach.
22 一般現在時代替將來時
時間狀語從句，條件句中，從句用一般現在時代替將來時
when, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately
he is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。
典型例題
(1)he said he________me a present unless i_______ in doing the experiment.
　a. had not given; had not succeeded　　b. would not give; succeed
　c. will not give; succeed　　　　　　 d. would not give; will succeed.
　 答案b. 在時間，條件或讓步主語從句中一般不用將來時。本題有he said，故為過去式。主句用將來時，故選b. 此處用一般過去式代替了過去將來時。
(2) 表示現在已安排好的未來事項，行程等活動。
　 the museum opens at ten tomorrow.　博物館明天10點開門。(實際上每天如此。)
23 一般現在時代替過去時
1 )"書上說"，"報紙上說"等。
　 the newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 報紙上說明天會很冷的。
　 2) 敘述往事，使其生動。
　 napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.
24 一般現在時代替完成時
1) 有些動詞用一般現在時代替完成時：
hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say,　remember.
　 i hear (= have heard) he will go to london.
　i forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.
2) 句型 " it is … since…"代替"it has been … since …"
3) it is (= has been) five years since we last met.
25 一般現在時代替進行時
1) 句型：here comes… ； there goes…
　 look, here comes mr. li.
26 現在進行時代替將來時
1) 表示即將發生的或預定中計劃好的活動。
　　are you staying with us this weekend? 這周和我們一起度周末嗎?
　　we are leaving soon.　 我們馬上就走。
2) 漸變動詞，如：get, run, grow, become, begin及die。
　　he is dying.
27 時態一致
　 1) 如果從句所敘述的為真理或不變的事實，則永遠用現在時。
　at that time, people did not know that the earth moves.
　he told me last week that he is eighteen.
   2) 賓語從句中的助動詞ought, need, must, dare 時態是不變的。
　 he thought that i need not tell you the truth.
28 時態與時間狀語
時間狀語
一般現在時　　every …, sometimes,　at …, on sunday,
一般過去時　　yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now