高中英語語法知識點總結
1. 定義:用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。
2. 構成:關聯詞+簡單句
3. 引導表語從句的關聯詞的種類:
(1) 從屬連詞that。
例如:the trouble is that i have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。
(2) 從屬連詞whether, as, as if。
例如:he looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。
the question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。
注:從屬連詞if一般不用來引導表語從句,但as if卻可引導表語從句,
例如:all this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. 這都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一樣。
能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look等。
例如: it looked as if it was going to rain. 看起來天要下雨了。
(3)連接代詞:
who whom whose what
which whoever whatever whichever
連接副詞:
where when how why
例如:the problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。
the question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。
that was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。
注:
1. 連詞because可引導表語從句。
例如: i think it is because you are doing too much. 我想這是因為你做得太多。
2. 在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。should+動詞原形表示,should可省略。
例如: my suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發。
英語中的指示代詞
1.指示代詞分單數(this / that)和復數(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,例如:
單數 復數
限定詞:this girl is mary. those men are my teachers.
代詞: this is mary. those are my teachers.
2.指示代詞的句法功能;
a. 作主語:this is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。
b. 作賓語:i like this better than that. 我喜歡這個甚至那個。
c. 作主語補語:my point is this. 我的觀點就是如此。
d. 作介詞賓語:there is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。
注意:
1).指示代詞在作主語時可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分時只能指物,不能指人,例如:
(對)that is my teacher. 那是我的老師。( that作主語,指人)
(對)he is going to marry this girl.他要和這個姑娘結婚。(this作限定詞)
(錯)he is going to marry this.(this作賓語時不能指人)
(對)i bought this. 我買這個。(this指物,可作賓語)
2).that和those可作定語從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時,在作先行詞時,只有those可指人,試比較: