Unit 14 Zoology [知識點撥 1]

【點撥】＂...honey-bees communicate in their dark hives.＂是定語從句，其先行詞
是＂ways＂，＂way＂后省略了引導詞 “that”,也可用 “in which”，也可以省略引導詞.
　　　　e.g. some english words are not spelt the ways that they sound.
= some english words are not spelt the ways in which they sound.
= some english words are not spelt the ways they sound.
一些英語單詞不是像他們發音那樣去拼寫. he built a transparent wall, through which he could observe what went on inside.
他安裝了透明的箱體，透過它，可以直接觀察箱內發生的事情.
【點撥】 “through which he could observe what went on inside”是定語從句，來修飾先行詞，引導詞是介詞through加which構成.
在定語從句用法中介詞+關系詞是一個重點，介詞后面的關系詞不能省略，但是介詞的后面不用that.
e.g.this is the house in which i lived two years ago.
某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞when 和where 互換。
e.g. do you remember the day on which you joined our club?　 　　　 ＝do you remember the day when you joined our club? 
注意：一些含有介詞的動詞短語中，其介詞不能前置到引導詞前.
　　　 e.g. the children whom the nurses look after are wery healthy. in order to tell the bees apart ,he painted some bees with little dots of colour.
為了把蜜蜂區分開，他在一些蜜蜂身上涂上色斑.
【點撥】 tell apart 辨別；識別
＝distinguish…between…
= tell … from…;
= tell the difference between … and …
e.g. some people can't tell blue from green.
在些人分辨不出藍色與綠色。
most new cars look so similar that it's impossible to tell them apart.
許多新汽車看上去象是一樣的，不大可能把它們區別開來。
i confused jim with mike because i can't tell them apart.
我把吉姆和麥克混淆了，因為我分不清他們。
the two brothers are so much alike that their mother can hardly tell them apart.
這兄弟倆長得太相象了，連他們的母親都難以辨別。 they trooped behind the first dancer, copying its movement.
它們成群結隊地跟在第一只跳舞的蜜蜂后面，模仿它的動作。
【點撥】課文中 troop作動詞用，意思是"結隊而行"、"成群涌向"
(come or go together in a group)。用在句中時，句子的主語總是復數。　 e.g. the children trooped into the park.
孩子們列隊走進公園。　 the game was over and the players trooped home.
比賽結束了，運動員整隊回家。
troop還有名詞用法，作"一隊"、"一群"解。　 e.g. a troop of visitors (一群參觀者)。　它的復數形式(troops)作"軍隊"解。　 e.g. we must have our own troops.
我們必須有自己的軍隊。
【點撥】copy原作"抄寫"、"復寫"解。 　 e.g. he is busy copying his composition.
他正忙著抄寫他的作文。　 本句中的copy引伸作"模仿"、"仿效"解。 　 e.g. please copy my actions.(＝please act as i do. )