English programmes

教學目標 

Teaching Aims and Demands
本單元的教學目標 是使學生熟練掌握有關提出建議的常用語句，并運用到日常交際中，學習并掌握動詞不定式作主語的用法。通過對課文的學習，了解有關英語廣播電視節目的一些常識。
Difficult and important teaching points
1.單詞和詞組
advice, special, do receive ,go with, write to, pick up, such as
2.日常交際用語與句型
1）That’s easier said than done.
2) Thanks. I must try to do that.
3) Do you think that would help?
4) You’d better find an English pen friend.
5) Why not…?
6) Why don’t you…?
7) I’m sure…
8）The more …, the…
9）find + n. + adj.
10）be of help
3.語法
學習動詞不定式作主語的用法。

教學建議

對話建議
在Lesson 45對話中，建議教師圍繞如何提高學生聽英語的技能的話題以及給學生播放一些英語節目為主要內容，如：
方法一、教師給學生播放BBC，VOA及CRI等英語廣播作為導入  課。
方法二、教師組織學生觀看視頻內容，進行問答練習，用Why not…You’d better….Why don’t you…. 組織造句。
方法三、教師提供給學生一些話題，進行口語練習，如：在聽、說、讀、寫方面如何給出一些建議和方法等。

課文分析
本篇課文從內容上講述了英語廣播和電視節目的一些常識，而且本課著重介紹英國BBC英語廣播、學習英語節目，如：語法，書面語和口語的差別，另外介紹中國中央電視臺和廣播電臺的英語節目。在關鍵詞語中，運用了不定式作主語，a short-wave radio, pick up等。

重點和難點
辨析cost, spend與pay
a. cost (cost, cost)的主語是“物”或“事”，表示“花費”“耗費”；
The book cost me ten yuan.
b. spend （spent, spent）主語是“某人”，后接“錢”“時間”“精力”.
She spends a lot of money on clothes.
c. pay (paid, paid)主語是“某人”后接“錢”，表示“支付”之意.
I paid two hundred yuan for the bike.
辨析advice與advise
a. advice 為不可數名詞，可用some, much, a little, a piece of等修飾，但不可說an advice 或many advices. 常與動詞give, take, follow, ask for等連用。
Let me give you a piece of advice.
b. advise 為動詞，常用于以下結構中：
I advise waiting here. (動名詞作賓語)
They advise me not to do that. (不定式作賓語補足語)
I advise that she (should) go there at one. (接賓語從句)
辨析look for, find, find out
1）look for (v. + prep.) “尋找”，指尋找的動作，未說明是否能找到，是延續性動詞。
—What are you looking for?
—I am looking for my watch.
2）find “找到”“發現”，指找到、發現的結果，是終止性動詞。
Have you found the book you need?
3）find out (v. + adv.) “打聽出”“查詢出”，指經過打聽詢問后得知。
—What time is the plane taking off?
—I don’t know but I can go and find it out.
辨析another day和the other day
1）another day 可表示近期將來的某一天，意為“改天”，也可表示過去或狀態延續的“又一天”。它在句中作狀語。
She says she is coming another day instead of today.她說她今天不來，改天來。
2）the other day 指“前幾天”，“幾天前”，一般用于過去時，如：
I met her in the hospital the other day. 前幾天我在醫院碰見過她。
辨析on the air, in the air ,by air 和 in the open air
on the air 意為“（正在）廣播，播送”。
What's on the air now? 正在廣播什么？
in the air指“在空中”
Some kites are flying in the air. 一些風箏在空中飛舞。
by air意為“乘飛機；通過航空”(=by plane).
They often travel by air. 他們經常坐飛機旅行。
in the open air指“在戶外，在露天”。
Grandpa walks in the open air for an hour every morning. 爺爺每天早晨在戶外散步一小時。

Lesson 45
1. The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. 英語你聽得越多，就越容易聽懂。
“the十比較級……，the+比較級……”這個句型結構的意思是“越……，就越……”或“愈是……，則愈是……”。此結構中的比較級可以是形容詞，也可以是副詞。
The more one has, the more one wants. 越是有，就越想要。
The sooner you do it, the better it will be. 你越早做那件事就越好。(The sooner, the better 愈早愈好。)
2.向朋友提出忠告或建議時，可以用以下三個句型：
l) Why don’t you…? (為什么你不……?)
2 )Why not…?(為什么不……?)
3)You’d better…(你最好還是……)
第二個句型實際上是第一個句型的省略。在 “Why not” 后直接跟謂語動詞。Why don't you go for a walk? (Why not go for a walk?) 為什么不去散散步呢？
第三個句型You’d better是You had better 的省略，意思是“你最好還是……”、“還是……為好”。had better是一個固定詞組，had不可用 has / have代替。它的后面跟不帶to的不定式，即had better do sth.，意指“(現在/將來)最好干某事”，而不指過去。它的否定形式是 had better not do sth., 也就是否定詞not放在 had better之后。如：
We'd better wait a little longer.我們最好再等一會兒。

Lesson 46
1. If you do have difficulties, it is better to try again another day. (=…you’d better try again another day.) 如果你的確有困難，最好改天再收聽。
句中的do是語氣詞，用來加強語氣，常用在肯定句中，根據情況有不同譯法。例如：
Do write me soon. 一定早點寫封信給我。
2. 注意構詞法：
1) “形容詞+后綴ly”構成副詞，如本課的clear (adj.) + ly → clearly (adv.)。又如：

注意：以y結尾的形容詞加ly時，要將y變成i, 然后加ly.
2) “動詞+tion”構成名詞，如本課中的explain (v.) + tion→explanation (n.)。又如：
inform (v. 告知 ) + tion → information (n.信息)
invent (v.發明) + tion → invention (n.發明)
congratulate (v. 祝賀 ) + tion → congratulation (n.祝賀)
instruct (v. 指示) + tion → instruction (n. 指示)
suggest (v. 建議) + tion→ suggestion (n. 建議)

Lesson 47
本課及下課著重講授和練習 it作形式主語的句型：It is (was) + adj./n. + to do sth. 除了在 Language Study中所給例句外，還可增補以下例句：
It is necessary to ask her for help. 要求她幫忙是必要的。(=To ask her for help is necessary.)
通過舉例和隨后的練習，最后可歸納以下三點：
1)it在句中是形式主語，而真正的主語是句子后部的不定式或不定式短語(to do sth.)。
2）當這個不定式很短的時候，可以把這個不定式放在主語的位置，而無需借助于形式主語(見上述兩例的括號中的句子)。又如：
It is easy to do, but it is difficult to understand. → To do is easy, but to understand is difficult. 做起來容易，要理解卻很難。(知難行易)
3) 但是，如果作主語的不定式短語較長，則通常將形式主語it放置句首，而將真正的主語置于句尾，以避免句子“頭重腳輕”，如：
To pick up BBC programmes on the radio is easy. 應該改作：
It is easy to pick up BBC programmes on the radio.

動詞不定式在句中作主語
1)不定式或不定式短語作主語時，可直接放在句首。如：
To learn a foreign language is necessary. 學習一門外語是必要的。
2)當不定式短語較長時，通常用it作形式主語放在句首，將真正主語不定式結構放在句子后部。其常見句型有：
a. It is /was+形容詞/ 名詞+ to do sth.做……是（如何的）。
b. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費某人……
It is easy to pick up China Radio International Programmes.
收聽中國國際廣播電臺的節目很容易。
It took me 3 days to read the book.
讀這本書花了我三天時間。
3）當不定式需要帶上自己的邏輯主語時，須用介詞for / of, 即for / of sb. to do sth. （它被稱為不定式的復合結構。）其基本句型為：
A)it is+ 形容詞+of sb.+ to do sth. ==sb.+ be+形容詞+to do sth.
該句型中形容詞用來描述不定式行為者的性格、品行等，形容詞多為brave, careless, clever, polite, wrong, kind, good, nice, foolish, rude (粗魯的), selfish(自私的)等。如：
It’s very kind of you to say so. ==You're kind to say so. 謝謝你這樣說。
B) It is + 形容詞+ for sb. to do sth.
=It’s + 形容詞 + that + sb. do sth.
在此句型中，形容詞只對不定式行為者作某種描述，而不涉及其品行。這類形容詞有： difficult, hard, easy, important, dangerous, possible, impossible, necessary 等。如：
It is impossible for him to carry a big box.
( =It's impossible that he carries a big box. )
4）如果是疑問句或感嘆句，則只能用it作形式主語的形式，如：
Is it important to practise listening? 練習聽力很重要嗎？

教學設計方案Lesson 45

Teaching Aims

1.To learn how to improve the four skills in English.

2.To learn to use the following useful words, expressions and sentence structures; advice; find + n. +adj.; The more..., the...

3.To make sure that the students can use the functional sentences and make a similar dialog.

Step I Warming-up

T: You have learnt English for several years. Do you think you have learned English well? If not, what do you think hardest in English － listening, speaking, reading or writing?

Step II Reading and listening

1.Allow the Ss to listen to the tape with their books closed and ask the question;

1).What does Zhou Lan find hardest in English?

2).Why does Bruce suggest that Zhou Lan buy a radio?

Answers:1) Zhou Lan finds listening really hard.

2)You can listen to China Radio International or BBC on the radio.

2.After reading, do the following True or False exercises

1). The more you listen to English, the more difficult it becomes. F

2).Why don’t you buy a radio? T

3).Why not buy some English tapes and some books to go with them? T

4).You needn’t find an English pen friend.F

Step III Language points

1).find +n.+adj.

2).The more…., the….

3).go with---be together with

4).advice

5).help---make better

Fill in the following blanks

1)      What do you find______ in English?

2)      The ________you listen to English, the _________it becomes.

3)      Do you think that would_________?

4)      And _______ ________buy some English tapes and some books to _______ with them?

5)      Well, ______ _______, you’d better find an English _______friend.

Keys: hardest , more, easier, help, why not , go, for that, pen

Step IV Practice

1). Do Part 2 on Page 45 in the textbook.

T: Here we'll learn how to give advice to your friend By using the following functional sentences.

Why not. . . ; You'd better. . . ; Why don't you. . .

2). Do Part 3 on Page 45 in the textbook.

Ask the Ss to have short dialogues with their partners using the following sentence structures.

What do you find hardest in English?

I find. . . hardest.

The more. . . , the. . .

3). Ask the Ss to make a similar dialogue with the following topics.

Give advice to your friend on how to improve his/her English.

Give advice to your friend on how to write an English composition.

Give advice to your friend on how to lead English newspapers.

Give your friend some advice on how to listen to the on the radio.

Step V Summary

Go over the useful words, phrases and sentence structures to make sure the Ss have learnt how to use them.

StepVI Homework

The Wb; Lesson 17 Ex. 1, 2 and 3.

教學設計方案Lesson 46

Teaching Aims
1.To help the Ss to understand the text completely.

2.To help the Ss to know how to skim the text to find the general idea and to help them to know how to scan the text to locate specific information quickly.

3.To explain some difficult points in understanding.

Step I Listening

Ask the students to lock at the pictures on Page 46 and answer the following questions.

1) What is the building at the top of the page?

The CCTV office

2)What is the building at the bottom of the page?

Bush House, the home of BBC

3)What does BBC stand for?

British Broadcasting Corporation

4)What does CCTV mean?

China Central Television Station

Step II Reading

1. Tell the students the topic of this period.

T: Today we are going to learn “English On The Air”. Now read the passage fast to find out what kinds of there are in the air.At this moment) the students are scanning the text.

Answers: BBC English, China Radio International, Radio English on Sunday, CCTV .

2. Ask the Ss to read the text and judge if the following statements are true or false. Now, the Ss are slamming the text.

Step III Languages points

Explain some phrases meaning on the Bb.

1). in the air =on the radio or on TV

2). from month to month; Every month there is a change.

3).If you do have difficulties, it's better to try once again, (“do” is used here to emphasize the  special situation.

4). it’s better =you’d better

5).be well received =be popular

2.用所給的動詞或動詞短語填空

go, point, out, serve, be, meet, make, ask, for, pick up, receive, think

1.Not only he but I ____ interested in reading novels.

2.He ____ that the road was not safe.

3.By the end of 1995, he ____ in the army for 20 years.

4.Tie foreigner said to me, “Good night! I am glad ____ you.”

5.We were asked ____ a study plan.

6.He ____ Chicago on the radio.

7.He had written to his friends in America, ____ information.

8.Why not ____ and ____ him ____ help?

9.I like to ____ presents on my birthday.

10.He was going to leave school, but later he ____ better of it.

Step IV Further practice

Ask the Ss to make a dialogue based on the text.    

Step V Homework

1. Do Ex.2,3 and 4 on Page 113.

2. Retell the text.

探究活動

1.Someone can not read the English text aloud. Whenever he reads the text aloud, he has to stop very often and he can never give a complete sentence. Please give some advice.
2.教師組織學生討論，如何利用一些英語節目學好英語，如：BBC，VOA， CRI，TV等