Unit3 The Computer and the Information Age-grammar教案（通用2篇）

Unit3 The Computer and the Information Age-grammar教案 篇1

　　動詞時態 一、經過前幾個單元的學習，到這個單元為止，時態已經學完。按照要求，學生需要掌握下列幾個重要時態。 1、一般現在時。 1》概念  其基本意義在于表示發生在包括講話時間在內的動作或狀態。 2》理解：本時態主要關注動作的經常性，強調動作表現的事實，或者是真理，而且和現在有關。     〈1〉表示客觀真理，科學事實，格言，及其它各種不受時間限制的客觀存在狀況。 如：  light travels faster than sound       action speaks louder than words      <2> 表示經常性或習慣性的動作。 如；our art teacher practises painting twice a day.        tom often regularly drop in on the professor.      <3> 表示現在的特征或狀態。 如：he is always ready to help others.        tom seldom rises at six.      <4> 有when/ while/ until/ before/ as soon as/if /even if等引導的時間，條件，或讓步壯語從句中，常用一般現在時。 如：when we get there,we'll call you.        no one can go through with the task on time if it rains.        i'll not attend her birthday party even if i am invited.       <5> 在新聞標題，小說，戲劇，電影，圖片等說明中，也經常用一般現在時。 如：the delegation of china gets a warm welcome in russia.        the story is about  a family---.the husband comes home from his office and tells the wife that he has invited a friend to dinner. 3》標志：often/always/usually/seldom./never..對上述壯語提問時，常用 how often...? 肯定句中，動詞用第三人稱單數形式。 如:      ---how often does he visit the old man?       —---never. 2.一般過去時 1》概念  本時態主要是表示過去的時間內發生的動詞作或者是狀態。 2》理解   強調過去動作的一次性和習慣性。      <1> 表示過去特定時間的一次完成的動作。 如：   the old professor stepped into the classroom, opened the book, and began to read.        we went to beijing and  visited heaven temple.      <2> 用它表示習慣性動作，往往用一定的時間狀語或表示頻度的狀語。 如：we went to school together when we were boys and so we saw each other every day.        there used to a temple in the village. 在日常會話中，我們也用一般過去時表示現在的時間。這種用法在講話的口氣上表現出婉轉，客氣的意味。 如：   ---did you want me ?       ----yes,i hoped you could give me a hand with the painting. 3》警示：除了表示明顯的過去時間狀語外，還有used to/would等暗示性詞語。 如：when i was in london, often,i would have a cup of coffee after work. 注意：上句中的would 不能用 used to 代替。這兩個詞雖然都表示"過去常常",但would 常和時間連用，如 often, every day 等，而used to 不可以。 3。一般將來時 1》概念  表示將來要發生的動作。 2》理解  對未來事情的預見性，或者說明意圖，打算。     <1> 用will 或shall +動詞的形式表示對未來事情的預見性，又稱為預見性將來時。 如：   tomorrow will be fine .        you will feel better after taking the medicine.    <2> 用 be going to do表示將來。 用這種形式表示將來主要是說明現在的意圖，打算，即表明眼前最近要去做的事情。又稱之為近期將來。如：i'm going to post two letters after class./she is going to have a university degree. 如果這種結構用物做主語，也是一種預見，可以用will 代替。 如：it is going to rain       watch out!the pill of boxes is going to fall.    <3> 用be+going 表示將來  一般說來，用現在進行時表示將來所用的時間大都是動作動詞，不適用于狀態動詞。用這種結構表示按計劃要去做的事或發生的事情。 如：we're inviting several people to a party.        the foreign ministry is coming to the un this week.        the plane is taking off at 5:30 一般來說，be doing / be going to do 兩種結構均可以表示將來，但有些區別。 比較：i am taking mary out for dinner tonight .           i am going to take mary out for dinner tonight. 第一句表示計劃已定不能改變，第二句表示打算未定只是一種想法而已。    <4> 用be+to do 表示將來時間 這種結構也可以表示按計劃，隨安排將要去做的事情或將要發生的動作。 如；the workers are to produce 5000 cars next year.        the prime minister is to speak on television tonight.        the line is to be open to traffic on october 1. 這種結構表示的將要發生的動作一般來說受人們意志控制或支配的。可以互換，但語意上有區別。如：       we are going to play basketball this afternoon.<表示目前的意圖>       we are to play basketball this afternoon.<表示計劃，安排或受人的支配>. 我們可以說：it's going to rain /the young man is going to be fat. 但不能說：it is to rain/the young man is to be fat. <5>用一般現在時表示將來。 如：next christmas falls on a tuesday       the train leaves at 7:30 this evening .       the plane takes off at 6:40. 3》警示　除了上述那些之外，也用be about to/be on the point of /be on the middle of/ 表將來。 如：the meeting is about to begin.      we are on the point  of going out ... 但值得注意的是這種形式不和將來的時間用在一起。我們不可以說they are about to leave this afternoon. 4。進行時 1》概念　表示某時某刻某階段正在進行的動作。 2》理解　進行的動作包括現在，過去和將來。 <一>  現在進行時 本結構是am/is/are+doing構成的形式。這種時態表示的動作主要與現在時間有關系。有如下的用法。 　　<1> 表示此刻正在進行或發生的動作　常伴有時間狀語。如：now/at present/ at the moment      at present, the staff are holding a meeting.      where are they having the basketball match ?        <2>  表示現階段正在進行的動作。 　 i usually get up at seven, but i'm getting up at six every day this week to prepare my lessons.      selecting a mobile phone is difficult. the technology is changing .        <3> 如果和表示頻度的時間狀語連用，不表示動作的進行，而表示動作的重復性，在語意上帶有感情色彩。如： 　   you are continually finding fault with me.<表不滿》       he is always thinking of how he could do for the people《表贊揚〉      the old man is constantly complaining of his watch being slow.〈發牢騷〉 〈二〉過去進行時。 本結構是was/were+doing 構成的形式。它表示的狀態或動作主要和過去的時間有聯系，所以往往和表示過去的時間連用。 　〈1〉表示過去某時刻正在進行的動作。如： 　　what were you doing at ten last night?        when i got up this morning, it was raining outside.       <2>　表示過去某階段中正在進行的動作。如： 　   at that time, he was working in a pla unit.       in those years he was having a happy life.       <3> 在敘述故事的背景時，為了使故事的語言更加生動，讓讀者有身臨其境的效果，多用進行時。如：one morning the three sisters were together in the drawing room.mary was sewing, alice was playing the piano, and jane was doing nothing, then suddenly the door opened... 正如現在進行時一樣，過去進行時與表示頻度的時間狀語連用，也能表示某種情感色彩。 3》警示　進行時還常用在語境中，表示語氣的委婉。如：        ---what are you going to do?        ---i'm hoping to invite you to dinner. 5.完成時。 1》概念　本時態是表示某動作或某過程在一定時間內處于完成的狀態。 2》理解　完成時包括現在完成時和過去完成時態。構成分別為have<has> done/had done. <一>現在完成時。動作在過去發生，持續到現在已經完成，或者是繼續持續下去。 　<1>  已經完成的用法。其表明某動作或過程發生在說話前某個不明確的過去時刻，到目前一完成，并對目前造成影響。如：he has not been to shanghai/have you finished reading the story ? 本用法常和不確定時間狀語連用。如：already/yet/before/recently/lately/just...等          i have seen him before          we haven't been there lately 也可以和表示頻度的時間狀語用在一起。如：ever/never/once---等。          i have never been to hongkong.          have you ever visited the great wall ? <2> 未完成的用法。本用法表示某動作或狀態開始于過去某個時刻一直延續到現在，而且還要繼續下去，在某種情況下也可能剛剛結束。常和 since/for/時間狀語連用。如：          he has been in the army for 3 years.          he has lived in the building since he came here. 3》警示：如果不過since 引導的從句中的動詞是延續性的，一般認為，語意上也表明動作或狀態的結束。如： 　　 i haven't heard from him since he lived there.         從他離開那兒以來，我一直未收到他的消息。         he has written to me frequently since i was ill. 　　 從我病愈以來，他常給我寫信。 如果since引導的從句中的謂語動詞用了現在完成時，那么表示的動作或狀態就不表示完結。如： 　　 i haven't heard from him since he has lived there .         從我住在那里以來，我一直未收到他的來信。         he has written to me frequently since i have been ill. 　　 從我生病以來，他常給我寫信。 <二>過去完成時。本時態表示的是動作在過去的過去發生。它也分為“已完成用法”和“未完成用法”。 1>已完成用法。表示，當一個動作發生或結束時，在它之前的另一動作已經完成。這種用法既用于動作動詞，也用于狀態動詞。如： 　　when we arrived the cinema,the tickets have been sold out.        tom flew home,but his father had already died. 　　iwas told that the old man had been away for a week. 2>未完成用法。表明某個動作或狀態在過去某個時刻之前一直延續到過去這個時間，而且還可能繼續下去。它也使用于動作和狀態動詞。而且常和 by +過去時間 或從句　連用。如：       by 12,he had studied for 4 hours.       by we got there,they had ended the meeting.       we had worked together for a long time before we came to this college . 3>警示：在by + 過去時間或從句的結構中，如果主句動詞是動作動詞，用過去完成時，如果是狀態動詞，用一般過去時。比較： 　   by the end of last year,he was 12.       by the end of last year,he had learned 300 english words. 另外，在---hardly---when/ ---no sooner---than---的句中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。而且，如果hardly./no sooner 提前，主句需要部分倒裝。如：　        i had hardly recoganized  him when i saw him.        hardly had i recoganized him when i saw him. 

Unit3 The Computer and the Information Age-grammar教案 篇2

　　時態一。總述： 為了便于講解，我將英語中的時態，分為現在時和過去時。現在時包括一般現在時，現在進行時，現在完成時，姑且把將來時也歸入此類。過去時包括，一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時。一般來說，時態對應是指現在時對應現在時，過去時對應過去時。當然，特殊語境需要特別分析。二。時態對應主要包括以下的典型用法。1。下列情況下，如果主句是將來時《用will/shall/can/must/》或者主句是祈使句，從句用一般現在時。1》在 if /unless/ even if/ 引導的條件狀語從句中.如：you will be punished unless you go though with the work.i won't attend the party even if i am invited.2》在when/before/until<till>/as soon as/the moment/ once/引導的時間狀語從句中。如：i'll let you know the moment i get timely information.once you realize your mistake, you'll regret for what you've done.3》在 no matter what/no matter who/no matter when/no matter where/no matter how/no matter which/或者 whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however/whichever 引導的讓步狀語從句中。如：i'll believe whatever you have said.however difficult the problem is ,we'll overcome it .wherever you go,i'll follow you.we can help whoever gets in trouble.2。在 祈使句+and/or+句子 的模式中，and/or 后的句子常用將來時態。如：put on the coat,or you'll catch a coldwork hard,and you'll make rapid progress.3。注意used to/would 區別。他們都表示過去常常。但would 常和時間連用，而used to 不可以。如：when i was a boy, i would swim every day.<不用used to>4.be about to do 如果用在簡單句中，常用一般現在時。如果用在復合句中，常和when 引導的過去時的從句連用。如：i am about to leavewhen i was about to fall asleep when someone knocked the door.但要注意be about to do 不和具體的時間連用。我們不可以說，we are about to leave this afternoon ,應說，we are about to leave或者說，we will be leaving this afternoon.5.語境中的過去時常表示“剛剛，剛才”之意，暗示現在已經不是這樣..如：sorry,i didn't know you were here .6.表示愿望，打算一類的詞，如hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等，其過去完成時表示過去未曾實現的愿望或意圖。如：----why haven't you attended the party?---i had meat to,but i was busy.7.在 it/this be the first/second/---time+that 句中。如果be 為一般現在時，that后的句子一般用現在完成時或一般現在時，如果  be為一般過去時，that后的句子為過去完成時。如：this is the first time that i have met the famous scientist.this is the first time that he gets involved in the tournament.8.在 it be +段時間 +since 從句中，如果be 表現為 is或has been 形式，since 從句用過去時，如果be 表現為was 或 had been,從句用過去完成時。如：it is 3 years since he has taught in this university.9.在...hardly...when/...no sooner...than...結構中，hardly/no sooner 所在的主句用過去完成時，when/than所在的從句用一般過去時。而且，如果 hardly/no sooner 放在句首，主句部分要部分到裝，從句結構不變。如：i had  hardly recognized him when he turned up.hardly had i recognized him when he turned up.no sooner had the train left than i got to the railway station.10. 在“主句+before+從句”的結構中，如果主句和從句中動詞先后順序明顯，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時；如果主句和從句的動作先后順序不明顯，主從句都用一般過去時。如，the film had been on for 30 minutes before i got there .he hurriedly went out before i said a word.11.在" it be+段時間+before從句"中，如果從句是一般現在時，主句中的 動詞用will be形式。如果從句中的動詞是一般過去時，主句動詞用 was的形式。如：it will not be some time before he graduates.it was 3 years before he graduated.12.在“will/shall be doing"結構中《將來進行時》，其后往往跟上具體的將來時間。如：the plane will be flying over the pacific this time tomorrow morning.13.在“by + 時間”的結構中，如果時間是過去時間，主句中的行為動詞常為過去完成時，但如果句中的動詞是狀態動詞be ,仍然用一般過去時。如果時間是將來時間，主句中的行為動詞用將來完成時，同樣，如果句中的動詞是狀態動詞be,仍然用將來時。如：by the end of last year,they had completed the task.by last month,he was 10 years old.by he joined the army,he had served us as a cook for 5 years.by next month,we will have learned lesson 21.14.在“主語+介詞+主語”的結構中，句中的動詞要以第一個主語作為標準，這類介詞有with/together with/as well as/等。如：the teacher together with the students is going to hongkong tomorrow.the dog ,as well as ten sheep is going to be shipped to qingdao .15.在   neither...nor.../either...or.../there be...等結構中，采用“就近原則”。如：were neither you nor he there when the accident happened ?neither you nor he was there when the accident happened.there is a pen and ten books on the desk.there are ten books and one pen on the desk.16.注意一般過去時 和 過去進行時的區別。一般過去時可以指過去動作的完成，而過去進行時僅表示動作的進行。如：---has he finished the book?---i've no idea, but he_____<write> it last week.a.wrote          b.was writing學生很容易選a。從 i've no idea仔細分析，可以知道本句的動作是進行，而不是完成。所以b是正確的。