Unit1 Good Friends

3. “he lived in new york” tom told me.
4. “the moon foes around the earth.” he said.
5. “he wanted to go out for lunch today.” his father said..
6. “he has been here for six years” mr li told me.
7. “ i will be here for one year.” i said to mr li.
8. “you come here quickly.” he ordered.
9.she said to me, “i will ask for some paper”.
10.they asked: “why did you come here so late?”
step 3. grammar  direct speech and indirect speech
brief explanation of “direct speech and indirect speech” (1): statements & questions
* use direct speech when you want to show the exact words someone said or wrote. use quotation marks to show that you are reporting the exact words a person used and a reporting clause to include information about the speaker and the situation.
e.g. “i had a great time at the picnic,” she told her mum.
      (the direct speech)            (the reporting clause)
*the reporting clause may come before, within, or after the direct speech. when the reporting clause comes after the direct speech, the order of the subject and the verb may be changed, e.g. jane said/said jane. this typically happens when the reporting clause is within the reported speech and the subject is not a pronoun.
e.g.  jane said, “i got a new e-pal. he is from germany.”
    “i got a new e-pal,” jane said / said jane / she said, “he is from germany.”
    “i got a new e-pal. he is from germany,” jane said / said jane / she said.
*   use a comma to connect the direct speech and the reporting clause.
*   when you change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, you sometimes need to change the verb tense. you may also need to change pronouns in order to keep the same meaning.
direct speech indirect speech
present past      
past past or past perfect
present perfective past perfect
past perfective past perfect
e.g. “i’ll take care of you,” chuck said. à chuck said he would take care of him.
   “did you get e-mails from your friends?” she asked. à she asked if i had got e-mails from my friends.
   “have you got any e-mails from your parents?” she asked. à she asked if i had got any e-mails from my parents.
*when you use indirect speech to report what someone said, you can sometimes change the exact words without changing what the speaker actually said.
 e.g.  wilson asked, “how long have we been in this place?”à wilson asked how long you had been here.