The Dream Keeper教案
3）ought to have done sth, should have done sth表示本應該做某事，而事實上并沒有做。否定句表示“不該做某事而做了”。例如：
you ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment. 你當時在做試驗時應該更仔細點。
he ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.他不該把舊衣服扔了。（事實上已扔了。）
ought to 在語氣上比should 要強。
4）needn't have done sth表示本沒必要做某事，但做了。例如：
i dressed very warmly for the trip, but i needn't have done so. the weather was hot.
旅行時，我衣服穿得較多，其實沒有必要。那時天很熱。
5）would like to have done sth表示本打算做某事，但沒做。例如：
i would like to have read the article, but i was very busy then. 我想讀這篇文章，但太忙了，一直沒讀。
8. should 和ought to
除了上述的用法，兩者還可表示“想必一定，按理應該”的意思。例如：
i ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水，想必也能維持了。
it ought to be ready now. 想必現在準備好了吧。
they should be there by now, i think. 現在他們該到那兒了。
the poems should be out in a month at most. 詩集估計最多還有一個月就要出版了。
9. had better表示“最好”，相當于一個助動詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動詞原形。例如：
it is pretty cold. you'd better put on my coat. 天相當冷。你最好穿上我的外套。
she'd better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那條狗。
had better have done sth表示與事實相反的結果，意為“本來最好”。例如：
you had better have come earlier. 你本該來得早一點。
10. would rather表示“寧愿”
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 寧愿……而不愿
還有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“寧愿”、“寧可”的意思。例如：
if i have a choice, i had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
如果有選擇的余地，我寧可輟學離開這個學校。
i would rather stay here than go home. = i would stay here rather than go home.
我寧愿呆在這兒，而不愿回家。
典型例題：
—shall we go skating or stay at home?
—which ___ do?
a. do you rather b. would you rather c. will you rather d. should you rather
答案b。本題考查情態動詞rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意為“寧愿”，本題為疑問句，would 提前，所以選b。
11. will和would
注意：1）would like；would like to do = want to 想要，為固定搭配。例如：
would you like to go with me? 想和我一塊去嗎？
2）will you…? would you like…? 表示肯定含義的請求勸說時，疑問句中一般用some, 而不是any。例如：
would you like some cake? 吃點蛋糕吧。
3）否定結構中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一種委婉語氣。
won't you sit down? 你不坐下嗎？
【模擬試題】（答題時間：65分鐘）
（a）單項填空
1. whether he has gone away alone ________ us.