Module2 Developing and Developed Countries-grammar教案

　　（ 6 ） his friends，however，had other ideas. 然而他的朋友們卻另有見解。　　注： however 也可用作連接副詞，意為“不論怎樣”，用來引導讓步狀語從句。例如：　　however we may do it，it will be a difficult job. 無論雪下得多大，我們都必須回去。b.       although and while  while表示兩個事實之間的轉折對比，although可以用but改寫成另一種句子while 用作連詞時，連接兩個并列句子，表示“對比”關系。例如：　　he went out for a walk， while i stayed at home.　　（他出去散步了，而我卻呆在家里。）　　i like singing while she likes dancing.　　（我喜歡唱歌，而她喜歡跳舞。）　　you like sports， while i prefer music.（你喜歡體育，而我更喜歡音樂。）although引導的從句放在主句前后均可，有時還可放在句中。 although many difficulties are still ahead, we are determined to make greater achievements. 盡管在前面的道路上還有許多困難，但是，我們決心要取得更大的成就。 he often helps me with my english although he is quite busy. 盡管他相當忙，但是還常常幫我學英語。 although引導的從句不能與but, however連用，但可與yet, still連用。不能說：although he was old, but he worked hard. 應把but去掉。當然，保留but而去although也可。c.       conclusion 1，but與 however,相同點：都表示轉折，都可以連接兩個句子不同點: ①but還可連接兩個并列的成分，however不能；②however可置于句首，句中，句末，而且在句中時前后用分號或逗號隔開的情形較多。but往往置于句首，無需用標點符號與句子隔開。2，although與 while相同點：都是連詞，都可引導讓步狀語從句；不同點：①although意為“雖然，盡管”，相當于though，所引導的句子通常置于句首。含although從句的復合句可以轉化為由but引導的并列句，但although與but不能同時出現；②while意為“然而，但是”，可用作并列連詞，表示前后的對比，一般不與but轉換，所引導的句子不能置于句首。step 3 practicea. 用 but， and 和 however 填空：　　1. i'd like to go with you， ________， my hands are full.　　2. i'm sorry， ________ i won't be able to come tonight.　　3. we must finish the job in time ________ hard it is.　　4. they will supply food ________ drink on saturday.　　5. it looked like rain. ________， it is clear now.　　6. building has started ______ the project will be finished by .suggested answers:1.       however 2. but 3. however 4. and 5. however 6. andb. 用but, however, while, although 填空。1. i can not speak russian ______ my little daughter can.2. i think there may, ______, be some other reasons we don’t know about.3. my brother decided to go to that dangerous place, _____ i asked him not to.