Men and WomenDifferent

-XX學(xué)年高一英語必修1（冀教版）素材（含教案和練習(xí)） 
unit 3 men and womendifferent roles in society（2）
一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
unit 3  （ii）

語法講解：
直接引語和間接引語
引述或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話稱為“引語”。直接引用別人的原話，兩邊用引號標(biāo)出，叫做直接引語；用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不需要引號叫做間接引語，實際上間接引語大都是賓語從句（其中由祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換的間接引語除外，其轉(zhuǎn)換后是不定式）。那么直接引語為陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和祈使句，轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語時，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、人稱、時態(tài)、時間狀語和地點狀語等都要有變化，如何變化呢? 
1. 人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變
（1）直接引語中的第一人稱，一般轉(zhuǎn)換為第三人稱，如：
he said，“i am very sorry.” →he said that he was very sorry.
（2）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對轉(zhuǎn)述人說的，轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱，如：
“you should be more careful next time,” my father told me.→
my father told me that i should be more careful the next time.
（3）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對第三人稱說的，轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱。如：
she said to her son, “i'll check your homework tonight.” →
she said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
（4）人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等，如：
he asked me, “will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” →
he asked me whether i would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
總之，人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換不是固定的，具體情況，具體對待，要符合邏輯。
2. 時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換
直接引語改為間接引語時，主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時，從句（即間接引語部分）的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化，變成過去時范疇的各種時態(tài)（實際也是賓語從句的時態(tài)要求），變化如下：
直接引語   間接引語  直接引語   間接引語
一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 一般過去時 過去完成時
現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時 過去完成時 過去完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時 過去進行時 過去進行時
一般將來時 過去將來時 
例如：
“i am very glad to visit your school”, she said. →
she said she was very glad to visit our school.
tom said, “we are listening to the pop music.” →
tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
mother asked, “have you finished your homework before you watch tv?” →
mother asked me whether i had finished my homework before i watched tv.
he asked the conductor, “where shall i get off to change to a no. 3 bus?” →
he asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a no. 3 bus.
“why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. →
the teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
mother asked me, “had you finished your homework before you watched tv?” →
mother asked me whether i had finished my homework before i watched tv.