Computer(精選13篇)
Computer 篇1
教學目標
Teaching aims and demands
本單元有關電腦的知識使用學生對其有一個初步的了解。讓學生了解有關中國民航運用計算機的情況。并學習如何使用向對方提建議的口語練習,通過單詞的學習掌握go up, bring down, prefer to and, but although等詞的用法。本單元的語法重點是現在完成時被動語態的使用,要求學生能夠了解和掌握。
Teaching important and difficult points
1.Important Vocabulary:
although, waste, believe, necessary, passenger, record, at one time, greatly, correct, complete, decision, abroad, change for
2. Daily Expressions:
First of all, …
I believe…
Any reason?
3. Useful phrases:
It would be a waste of …
In my opinion, we should …
4. Grammar
The present perfect passive voice.
教學建議
1. 通過對話練習,進行兩個人之間對建議和推薦的用法。
2. 通過課文的學習,掌握本單元的詞和詞組的用法。
3. 通過對課外補充文章的學習,對計算機的歷史和應用有所了解。
Lesson 33: 口頭練習:對話交際功能——日常生活用語。
Lesson 34: 學生進行對文章編成對話練習。練習直接引語變間接引語。
Lesson 35: 學生繼續練習對話?梢园缪軨AAC的領導和記者,或計算機經銷商和單位領導,或電視節目主持人和中學生等等。
Lesson 36: 筆頭練習:讓學生寫一篇關于自己生活中計算機的使用的文章,或對計算機在人們生活中應用的暢想。
教材分析
本單元的對話的特點是通過兩個人對買何種計算機的討論,從而掌握如何進行對一個物品進行評價、表達自己的觀點,并提出建議。比如常見的口語用法:In my opinion, we should… / What’s your opinion?/ I don’t think it’s necessary to …/ I believe …/ I still think … 就在這個對話中經常出現。同時還有很多其它有用的口語,比如:First of all…/ in a few years’ time/ a waste of …/ make a decision/ not … any more
本單元的課文不僅講述了計算機的應用對CAAC的幫助,而且中間穿插了很多現在完成進行時的被動語態的用法,使得學生能夠正確地掌握這個語法的用法。同時對一些常見詞和短語進行理解。比如:join, be used to do, thanks to, abroad, spend… on sth., prefer to do, welcome.
重點知識講解
1. Today they are talking about buying a new computer. 今天他們談論買一個計算機。
這里的talk about的意思是“談論;談及到;討論”,后面通常加上名詞或動名詞。
We talked about it yesterday.
I want to talk about the price of the car with you.
2. Did you find out the price for the IBM PC 486? 你找出IBM PC 486的價格了么?
這里的詞組find out和find都是表示“找出”,都是一個結果。但是兩種也有區別:如果表示意外發現,通常用find。比如:
I found this wallet outside the classroom.
What did you find just now?
如果要表示經過一番努力或研究得出的結果的時候,find和find out都可以,但通常用后者。比如:
I finally found out the secret of his death.
She wanted to find out the real answer to the question.
3. I’ve got the information for all the computers now. 我已經得到了所有計算機的信息了。
這里的information同news一樣是一個不可數名詞。后面通常加上for或about,前面通常加上一些修飾不可數名詞的形容詞。比如:
Do you have any information about the new machine.
4. In my opinion, we should buy the IBM PC 586. 依我看來,我們應該買IBM PC 586。
這里的in one’s opinion表示的意思是“依…來看;…的意見是”。需要注意兩點:1)后面不加I/he…think(s)。不像中文里可以說“依我看來,我覺得…”。在英語中這兩種用法不同時出現。比如:
In my opinion, you are the best student. 不能說成 In my opinion, I think you are the best student.
2)后面不加客觀事實。因為這里應是一個推斷或主觀的意見,比如:
In my opinion, the earth is round. (錯誤句子)。
In my opinion, you are right. (正確句子)
5. If we buy the smaller one, the IBM PC 486, we might have to change it in a few years’ time for a bigger one. 如果我們現在要是買了the IBM PC 486,幾年以后我們肯定要換一個更大的計算機。
這里的詞組change… for…表示的意思是“將…換成…”。比如:
I want to change this small hat for a bigger one.
6. I hope we can make a decision today. 我希望我們今天能做出決定。
這里的詞組是make a decision(做出決定)。等于decide to do。比如:
Did they make a decision yesterday?
另外也可以用come to a decision, arrive at a decision來表示同樣的意思。比如:
They finally came to a decision at the meeting.
7. It is used to record the tickets which passengers buy. 它還記錄下游客購票的情況。
句子中的be used to的意思是“被用來…”,是一個被動語態,后面加上動詞原型。
The water her is used to make the trees alive.s are used here to play games on.
8. Now it is possible to find out much faster which planes are full. 現在要找到哪架飛機滿了比以前要快多了。
這里用了一個much表示一個程度。通常在much, even和still后面加上一個形容詞或副詞的比較級形式。比如:
I am much heavier than before.
She is much happier than she was two years ago.
9. Thanks to the new computer, the passengers at the offices of the CAAC can now buy their aeroplane tickets much faster. 由于使用了新的計算機,乘客在中國民航購票快多了。
句子中的thanks to是一個常見的短語,表示“由于;幸虧”,相當于because of, 或者as a result of表示原因。比如:
Thanks to your help, I was able to win the game.
They lost the game thanks to the foolish advice you gave them.
10. At one time, there were long queues of people waiting outside the CAAC offices. 以前,中國民航辦公室前等著購票的人們排成長長的隊列。
詞組at one time表示的意思是“以前;曾經”。比如:
At one time we met each other every day.
He went to that restaurant to have dinner at one time.
11. These people will be welcome on our planes. 我們歡迎這些人來乘坐我們的飛機。
這里的welcome在這句話中是一個形容詞,表示的意思是“受歡迎的”,后面常加的是不定式。比如:
You are welcome to do anything you like.
Welcome to Beijing.
welcome這個詞也可以是名詞。比如:
They received a cold welcome when they arrived.
同樣welcome也可以作為一個及物動詞,但后面不加不定式,而且過去式和過去分詞都是welcomed。比如:
All the students welcomed the visiting friends at the school gate.
12. In my opinion, we should buy the IBM PC 586. 依我看來,我們應該買IBM PC 586。
這里的情態動詞should表示的意思是“應該”,通常用在表示建議的句子中。比如:
I should go home before 6 o’clock.
You should not ask others to do your homework.
13. If we buy the smaller one, the IBM PC 486, we might have to change it in a few years’ time for a bigger one. 如果我們現在要是買了IBM PC 486,幾年以后我們肯定要換一個更大的計算機。
這里的if是一個條件句。后面出現的兩個逗號之間的東西從位置上說是一個插入語,從成份上來說是一個同位語,是對前面的名詞the smaller one進行解釋。我們通常用一個名詞性短語或從句來作為同位語
14. I don’t think I it’s necessary to buy the bigger one.我想沒必要買較大的那個。
我們通常在think, suppose, expect, imagine等表示心理活動的動詞后面不加否定含義的賓語從句。如果后面的從句使一個否定句,我們常常將從句謂語動詞的否定是轉移到主句的謂語動詞之前。比如:
I don’t think I can get away at the moment.
I don’t suppose you need to worry.
I don’t think I know you.
15. The IBM PC 486 will be big enough for us. IBM PC 486對我們來說就夠大的了。
句子中的enough可以是形容詞,也可以是副詞。通常我們將enough放在名詞前面或形容詞或副詞的后面。而且通常在后面再加上不定式。比如:
I don’t have enough money to buy a house.
I am not rich enough to buy a house.
16. We mustn’t waste any more time. 我們不可以在浪費更多的時間了。
這里的情態動詞mustn’t表示的不是“必須不”而是“不可以;不允許”。通常用在命令的句子中。比如:
You mustn’t talk in class. It is not a good habit.
We mustn’t go there because it is dangerous.
17. We must decide which one to buy. 我們必須決定買哪一個。
這里的which one to buy為特殊不定式短語,在句子中做decide的賓語。特殊不定式的構成形式為“關系代詞或關系副詞+動詞不定式”。常用的關系代詞有:what, which, who, whether等;常用的關系副詞有how, when, where, why等。比如:
We haven’t decided what to do next.
I don’t know how to write in English.
I will ask when to start tomorrow morning.
She will ask where to live.
18. At one time, there were long queues of people waiting outside the CAAC offices. 以前,中國民航辦公室前等著購票的人們排成長長的隊列。
這里的waiting是一個現在分詞,在句子中做people的定語,放在名詞后,相當于一個定語從句。比如:
The foreigner talking with our teacher is head of the visiting group.
The man running after the bus is a friend of mine.
19. As a result, the number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before. 因此,在中國乘飛機旅行的人數比以往多了。
這句話中的as a result的作用相當于一個副詞,意思相當于so。比如:
He hurt himself. As a result, he couldn’t go to school.
這句話中的the number of 的中心詞是number,說明謂語動詞肯定是單數的。比如:
The number of the books in this bookshop is more than 200,000.
20. 我們在很多句子中都用一個代詞來代替前面提到的名詞,常見的有one, it和that。這三個詞都是代詞的時候的區別:
1, one=a/an +noun 所代表的是前面提到的同類中的任何一個
He has no book and no money to buy one.
The hat is too small. Please show me a larger one.
2, it=the/this/that/adj.+ noun 指同一件事物
He has a book, but he will not lend it to me.
I drank some iced water, but it made me more thirsty.
3, that =the + noun 指前面所提到的同一類中的另外制定的一個.
The air of the country is purer than that of the city.
比較下面三句話:
I cannot find my umbrella; I think I must buy one.
I cannot find umbrella; I don’t know where I put it.
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought.
Computer 篇2
chapter 4 computer technology
(reading ii)
【學習目標】
一、知識與能力:
1.精讀課文,在進一步理解課文內容的基礎上,掌握課文重點詞組與句型。
2. 靈活運用課文句型描述物品。
3. 課前完成對上一節課學習內容的復習。
4. 課堂聽寫重點單詞1—15。
二、過程與方法:
1. 通過復習、預習和小組討論來自主學習。
2. 通過講解,在具體情境中掌握語言(詞匯、句型等)。
3. 通過精讀課文,來仿例表達,描述物品。
三、情感、態度與價值觀
培養主動參與、小組協作精神
【學習過程】
[學習要求] 完成[課前復習與預習]部分練習,[課堂學習]部分為選做。
[課前復習與預習]
一. 復習課文新詞,根據提示寫出或翻譯以下單詞或詞組。
1. 顯示器____________________ 2. 喇叭_______________________
3. 兩個鼠標________ ___________ 4. 打字_______________________
5. 鍵盤_________________________ 6. 驅動器_____________________
7. flash disk ______________________ 8. 控制________________________
9. 躲藏__________________________ 10. 極小的_____________________
11. 打印_________________________ 12. 意識到_____________________
13. 操作_________________________ 14. rarely _______________________
15. 鐵路_________________________ 16. 法官________________________
17. 提出(問題)_________________ 18. 不知道的 ______ ________ ____
19. 目前 ______ ________ _________ __________
二、請在文中劃出下列短語,朗讀并結合下上文寫出漢語意思。
p44. part a
1. use... for ..._______________ 2. type in information _______________
3. control the computer _________________
hidden helpers
4. hardly ever. _______________ 5. dependent on _______________
6. more... than … ______________________
what kind of jobs can a computer do?
7. in the world ____________________ 8. at the moment _______________
9. rarely give wrong answers _________________________
10. teach sb. sth. __________________ 11. play with __________________
12. more importantly ______________ 13. for these reasons _____________
is a computer cleverer than i am?
14. the answer to this question _____________________________
15. create new ideas _______________ 16. be able to ___________________
17. be better at doing sth ____________ 18. change one’s life _____________
19. have nothing to do ______________
20. make our lives better or worse_____________________________________
p45 title
21 collect some information _____________________
三、背記要聽寫的重點單詞1—15。聽錄音跟讀課文和單詞5遍,注意語音語調。
[課堂學習]
i duty report and everyday english.
ii words dictation
iii homework checking and group learning
預習情況檢查與交流。(小組討論,老師點撥)
iv pre-reading
1. read the phrases.
2. game: who can read best?(revise the words and phrases.)
3. finish ex. c1 and c2.
iv while-reading
1. read the passage again and choose the right words to complete the passage.
tiny, type, hardly, operate, print, unaware, cleverer, better, being, lives, future, judges
not so many years ago, we could ________ ever see computers. but now they are everywhere. there are __________, hidden computers in your home, but you might be __________ of them.
computers can do a lot of things. they can calculate, ________, _________ and draw. more importantly, they can __________ railways and fly planes and spaceships.
a computer is not __________ than a man for the time _______. in the _________, they many even be ________ at doing their jobs than doctors, __________ and teachers. they will change our ________.
2. language points.
1) not many years ago, you hardly ever saw computers.
hardly ever: seldom
他的房間很骯臟因為他幾乎沒有打掃過。
ex. his room is very dirty because he ___________________________________.
tony is a good student and he hardly ever ___________________________.
(gets late/ sleeps in class/ talks in class/ throws rubbish on the floor...)
2) you are more dependent on computers than you realize.
be dependent on: 依賴,依靠
ex. 年輕人不應該總是依賴父母。
________________________________________________________________
realize: understand
ex. sometimes, we don’t ________ _________ ________ our parents love us.
有時候,我們沒有意識到父母有多愛我們。
he ____________ his mistake and ________ ________ _______ his parents.
他認識到自己的錯誤,并向父母道了歉。
3) ..., but you don’t be unaware of them.
be unaware of: don’t know about
ex. the mouse was unaware of the cat coming.
= ___________________________________________________________.
4) they are faster at calculating than people.
=_____________________________________________________________
in the future, they may even be better at doing their jobs than doctors.
be better at doing sth. 在…(方面)做得更好
ex. people _______ ________ _____ __________ than ______________.
人在創造力方面(creating)要勝過電腦。
5) more importantly, they can operate railways and fly planes and spaceships.
更重要的是......
important (adj.) importantly (adv.)
ex. books can relax us. more importantly, ____________________
______________________________________________________________
6) for these reasons, we sometimes call them electronic brains.
for this reason: so
ex. ___________________, we should keep ____________ as a habit in our life.
因此根據這些理由,我們應該在生活中將閱讀保持為一種習慣。
7) the answer to this question is, for the time being, ‘no’.
the answer to the question the key to the door
for the time being: at present
ex. 目前為此,沒有很多人知道這個問題的答案。
__________________________________________________________________
8) this raises interesting questions.
raise: bring to our attention
ex. tony提出很多有關計算機的問題。
__________________________________________________________________
guess the chinese meaning.
every monday morning, we have flag-raising ceremony at school.
9) will we have nothing to do?
have nothing to do have sth. to do
ex. are lily and you free tomorrow? yes, i have _______ ______ _______.
但是lily 有很多作業要做。
but lily _______ a lot of ____________ _____________ _________.
10) will computers make our lives better or worse in the future?
make sb/ sth +adj.
ex. 讀書讓我快樂。_______________________________________________.
他所說的話使大家憤怒。
_____________________________________________________________
3. revise the sentences.
4.根據提示寫單詞或詞組.
依賴,依靠____________________ 更重要的(是)____________________
沒事可做______________________ 使我們的生活更好__________________
由于這個原因__________________ bring to our attention _________________
at present ______________________ seldom ____________________________
don’t know about ________________ understand _________________________
v post- reading
writing---- books
寫作說明:請仿照 what kind of jobs can a computer do?一文,以books 為題寫一篇作文,要求寫出書對人的重要性,書的作用等。字數80字左右。
寫前思考:
1. does everyone realize how important books are?
2. why do you think books are like friends?
3. what are the advantages of reading?
參考詞: realize, best friend/ teacher more importantly,
for these reasons, make sb/ sth..., change our lives, have nothing to do
not many people like reading books. they don’t realize ________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________
【課后思考】
discuss the last three questions in the text.
how will computers change our lives? will we have nothing to do? will computers make our lives better or worse in the future?
[homework]
1. 完成寫作
2. 根據下一份學講稿要求完成聽讀寫的作業。
Computer 篇3
第一步 作業檢查
ask one or two students to talk about what ideas they put in their writing.
第二步 聽力訓練1(雙人活動)
1. ask students to look at the 4 pictures of robots on page 55, and in pairs tell as many things as they can from the pictures.
2. listen to the tape, find out which three robots are mentioned, and then number them according to their appearance in the listening.
3. ask them to look at the boxes on page 55 before they listen to the tape again.
4. play the tape, and let students fill in the boxes.
5. let students ex-change the information in pairs.
6. let students have the correct answers.
7. play the tape again.
第三步 討論1:你認為哪個機器人最適合你(小組活動)
1. write the expressions of giving opinions, reasoning and making a decision on the blackboard.
2. page 56 speaking task: ask them to finish the following 2 tasks in groups:
、 list the advantages and disadvantages of each one.
、 in groups of 4 discuss which one is the best for you. use the expressions of giving opinions, reasoning and making a decision.
3. share some ideas with the whole class.
第四步 聽力訓練2(小組合作;雙人活動)
1. ask students to discuss the following questions:
、 what can the androids do for our everyday life?
② what else can they do for human beings?
、 why can the androids do all these useful things for human beings?
、 what are the similarities between robots and human beings?
、 what are the differences between robots and human beings?
⑥ can androids become human beings in the future?
2. share some of the reports.
3. introduce the listening text on page 58.
one possible version:
we all believe that androids do not have their own feelings, but as we can see in some movies, many people imagine that androids can think as human beings do. suppose it is true, do you think they like to serve human beings or not? what do they hope we human beings to treat them? now we are going to listen to a dialogue between sally and brenda, two androids, and see how they say. in this dialogue, you may come to some new words, but just forget them, and focus on getting your answers.
4. page 58 listening, listen for twice. one student writes down the answers to “about their jobs”, “about changing their jobs” and “about who decides their future”; the other writes down the answers to “about how they are different from people” and “about how they are the same as people”.
5. ex-change the answers in groups.
6. let students have the correct answers.
7. listen to the tape again. and ask students to guess the chinese meaning of “break off”.
第五步 討論2:機器人應有的權利(小組討論)
1. give students the following situations:
suppose you can do something for the androids, what rights do you think androids should have so that they will be treated better?
2. ask students to discuss in groups, and on p58 list the rights that androids should have.
3. ask some of the students to report to the whole class.
第六步 作業布置
1. wb page 56-57, using words and expressions. dictionaries may be helpful when you come to some new words.
2. review the new words of this unit.
Computer 篇4
unit 3 computers
warming up, pre-reading and readingteaching aims1.knowledge aims(1)get the students to learn the useful and expressions in this part.(2)let students to learn about history and basic knowledge of computers.1. ability aimsdevelop students' reading abilities and let them learn different reading skills.3.emotion aim:arouse students' great interest in learning computers and let them learn to use the computers in their daily lives.teaching difficult and important points1.let the students learn more about history and basic knowledge of computers.2.get the students to learn different reading skills.teaching methods1. task-based teaching and learning2.cooperative learning3.discussion teaching procedures and ways step1.warming up task1: how much do you know about computers? (make a survey) 1. what does it mean?information technology2. how to speak 科學技術 in english?science and technology3. what does pc mean?personal computer 4. how to speak 人工智能 in english?artificial intelligence 5. what does pda mean? personal digital assistant 6.how to speak 筆記本電腦 in english?notebook computer/ laptop 7. what does w.w.w mean?world wide web8. what can computers be used to do in our daily life?……task2: what is it? give some sentences to describe different kinds of calculating objects and some pictures to help the students to guess what it is? ① an old calculating machine used in china until now.an abacus② it is a new calculating machine which can solve a large number of mathematical problems.a calculator③ it is built to solve some mathematical problems. but it is too big. a huge computer④ it is a computer which can solve all kinds of problems and is used widely now .a pc / desktop ⑤ it is a kind of computer which can be taken conveniently(方便).a laptop / notebook computerstep2.pre-reading can you put these inventions in an order according to the time when they appeared?( ) analytical machine(分析機)( ) laptop( ) calculating machine (計算機器)( ) robot/android( ) pc( ) universal machine(通用機器)step3. reading (1)skimmingtask1. find out the topic sentences of each paragraph (p19.ex2)task2 .summarize the general idea of this passage.(2)scanningtask1. true or falsein 1642 i began as a calculating machine and could solve any mathematical problem. (f: solve any calculating problem)my real father was charles babbage, who wrote a book and build me in 1936.(f: alan turning)after i got my new transistors in the 1960s, i became smaller but cleverer and quicker.(t)i was brought into people's homes in the 1970s.(t)since my birth i have been built to take the place of human race.(f: build to serve human race)(3)careful- readingtask 1: look at the timeline below. fill in the blanks with information from the reading text.
time
the development of the computers
1642
1822the analytical machine was made by charles babbage.
1940s
the first family of computers was connected to each other.
1970s
now1642: the computer began as a calculating machine1822: the analytical machine was made by charles babbage.1936: the computer grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.1940s: the computers had grown as large as a room.1960s: the first family of computers was connected to each other. 1970s: computers were used in offices and homesnow: computers connect people all over the world together.step4. conclusion of the text how did computers develop? a calculating machine →_____________→ _________________→_________________→________________→_____________→ ________________→________________→_ many new applications
Computer 篇5
unit 6 i’m going to study computer science知識點整理
一、詞組、短語:
1、grow up 長大,
2、every day每天,
3、be sure about對某事確信,
4、make sure 確信/有把握,
5、send…to…把…發送到…/把…寄…,
6、be able to 能/能夠 ,
7、 the meaning of …的意思/含義,
8、 different kinds of 不同種類的,
9、in common通常,
10、 at the beginning of 在…開始的時候,
11、write down寫下/記下,
12、 have to do with必須處理某事,
13、take up 開始從事/著手處理/接受,
14、 hardly ever 幾乎不,
15、too…to…太而不能
二、習慣用法、搭配
want to do sth. 想做某事,
be going to + 動詞原形:將要做某事,
practice doing sth. 練習做某事,
keep on doing sth.繼續做某事,
learn to do sth. 學會做某事,
finish doing sth做完某事,
promise to do sth.答應做某事,
help sb. to do sth.幫助某人做某事,
remember to do sth. 記住要做某事,
agree to do sth.同意做某事,
love to do sth.喜歡做某事,
be going to 的用法
1) be going to + 動詞原形——表示將來的打算、計劃或安排。常與表示將來的tomorrow, next year等時間狀語或when 引導的時間狀語從句連用。各種句式變換都借助be 動詞完成,be隨主語有am, is, are 的變換,going to 后接動詞原形。
肯定句: 主語 + be going to + 動詞原形 + 其他。he is going to take the bus there.
否定句: 主語 + be not going to + 動詞原形 + 其他 i’m not going to see my friends this weekend.
一般疑問句: be + 主語 + going to + 動詞原形 + 其他
肯定回答: yes, 主語 + be. 否定回答: no, 主語 + be not.
are you going to see your friends this weekend? yes ,i am. / no, i’m not.
特殊疑問句: 疑問詞 + be + 主語 + going to + 動詞原形 + 其他?
what is he going to do this weekend? when are you going to see your friends?
2) 如果表示計劃去某地,可直接用 be going to + 地點
we are going to beijing for a holiday.
3) 表示位置移動的動詞,如go , come, leave 等常用進行時表示將來。
the bus is coming. my aunt is leaving for beijing next week.
4) be going to 與 will 的區別:
、 對未來事情的預測用“ will + 動詞原形”表達,will 沒有人稱和數的變化,變否定句要在will 后面加not,
也可用will 后面加 not,或者縮略式won’t, 變一般疑問句將will 提至 句首。
will planes be large in the future? yes, they will. / no, they won’t.
、趙ill 常表示說話人相信或希望要發生的事情,而be going to 指某事肯定發生,常表示事情很快就要發生。
i believe lucy will be a great doctor.
、 陳述將來的某個事實用will. i will ten years old next year.
、鼙硎粳F在巨大將來要做的事情用 will. i’m tired i will go to bed.
、 表示意愿用will. i’ll tell you the truth.
⑥ 表示計劃、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will.
i’m going to buy a computer this month.
---let’s discuss the plan, shall we? ----not now. i ______ to an interview. a. go b. went c. am going d. was going
------jack is busy packing luggage. ---yes. he ____for america on vacation. a. leaves b. left c. is leaving d. has been away
三、重要句子(語法)
what do you want to be when you grow up? i want to be an engineer.
how are you going to do that? i’m going to study math really hard.
where are you going to work? i’m going to move to shanghai.
when are you going to start? i’m going to start when i finish high school and college.
四、詞語辨析
1 promise vt. 保證,許諾。有三種結構:
1)promise to do sth. ——my mother promised to buy a piano for me.
2)promise sb. sth. ——my aunt promised me a bike.
3)promise + that 從句——tom promises that he can return on time.
promise n. 允諾, 諾言 lily is a dishonest girl. she never keeps a promise.
2.when 與 while 的區別:
when 表示“當…時候”,既指時間點,又指一段時間,when 引導的時間狀語從句中的動詞可以是終止性的也可以是延續性的。when the teacher came in, the students were talking.
when she arrives, i’ll call you.
while 表示“當…時候”,僅指一段時間,從句中的動作必須是延續性的,一般強調主從句的動作同時發生, while 還可以作并列連詞,意為“ 而、卻”,表示對比關系。
lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.
tom is strong while his younger brother is week.
3. practice vt. 練習, 后接名詞,代詞或v-ing 作賓語。
your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.
常跟v-ing 作賓語的動詞有:
考慮建議盼原諒:consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.
承認推遲沒得想: admit, delay/put off, fancy.
避免錯過繼續練:avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.
否認完成能欣賞: deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.
不禁介意與逃亡: can’t help , mind, escape.
不準冒險憑想象: forbid, risk, imagine.
4. everyday 與 every day 區別
everyday adj. 每天的 在句中作定語,位于名詞前。 this is our everyday homework.
every day 副詞短語, 在句中作狀語,位于句首或句末。 he reads books every day.
Computer 篇6
七年級上英語外研版 computers教學設計
一、教材分析
本課以電腦為話題,圍繞da ming與 lingling 的對話展開活動,內容涉及如何使用電腦完成作業、世界不同的地方的人們對電腦的使用程度等,既貼近生活,又開闊學生視野。在本模塊的教學中,應充分利用學生在電腦方面的知識來促進英語學習,鼓勵他們有效地利用電腦來學習。
二、學情分析
初三學生具備一定的捕捉信息的能力,有了表達的欲望。通過前面幾個模塊的學習,以具備一定的知識基礎,這為本節課學習過程的順利開展創造了較好的條件。
三、學習目標
1、熟練掌握學過的詞匯。
2、能夠描述怎樣使用電腦。
3、一般現在時(當主語不是第三人稱單數形式)的一般疑問句及其否定句。
4、一般現在時的特殊疑問句。
四、學習重點難點
1、掌握電腦方面的基本詞匯,how to use computer ?
2、讀懂含有一般現在時的句子,掌握一般現在時的特殊疑問句和答句。
五、教學策略
本模塊三個單元,我根據每個單元的不同特點進行復習,遵循聽說領先、讀寫跟上的教學原則,訓練學生聽力;突出實踐能力并訓練書面表達;適當增加閱讀材料。目的是培養學生自主學習,合作交流,創新探究的學習品質。
六、教具準備 多媒體 錄音機 自制圖片
七、教學設計
課前延伸、檢測效果
一、復習詞匯:課前要求復習詞匯、短語,要求“四會”
二、課前朗讀:大聲朗讀本單元所學過的單詞、短語及重點句型以鞏固復習效果。
三、課前檢測:英譯漢(記得合上課本喲。
1、switch on 2、 five kilos a day
3、stay healthy 4、save the document
5、downlond music from the internet
6、at the weekend
設計意圖:既考察前面沒復習過的知識,又對預習情況進行檢測。促進學生課后養成良好的自我復習、預習的好習慣。
課內探究、合作提升
一、 聽力訓練
1、第一段對話(完成1、2)
環節過渡:can you use the computer ?what do you want to do?
2、第二段對話、完成聽力題目(3、4、5)
學習過程:準備:學生自讀題目→實施:播放聽力內容兩遍→檢查:小組交流檢查→核對:分組以問答形式給出答案
設計目的:培養聽力能力與技巧,進一步接觸與computer有關的話題。初步形成合作交流,為復習對話做好過渡。
二、自主復習:uint 1——uint3
1、自主復習:熟讀本單元中的對話、短文理解內容,并能掌握重點的句子和短語(6分鐘)
2、合作交流:小組內討論環節1中的重點及疑難問題(pairwork and groupwork)了解不同國家和地區的人們使用電腦的情況
3、精講點撥: how do i write my homework n the cmputer ?句型及其回答,一般現在時的特殊疑問句。
觀察:
------how do i write my homework on the computer? 我怎么用電腦寫作業?
------how do i save the document ? 我怎么保存文件?
------where do i write the name ? 我在哪里寫名字?
------how do i print it ? 我怎么打印?
------where’s the printer ? 打印機在哪里?
思考:
上邊這些句子,叫做特殊疑問句。how , when , where 等叫做疑問詞,除去這些疑問詞之后的句子叫 。
4、嘗試:(獨立完成,小組內訂正答案)
a 將下列句子改為特殊疑問句。
1)do you open a new document ? (how)
2) does he play computer games ? (where)
b、自己獨立將下列句子改為一般疑問句并作肯、否定回答。
i want to have a pet
.
she likes football .
。ㄐ〗M長,還記得你的職責嗎?)
設計意圖:培養學生自我觀察的能力,以及獨立思考的能力。
5、檢測效果:
i、請將下面的英文表達與相應的漢語意思搭配起來,并將序號填入題前的括號中。
a.使用鼠標 b上網 c打開電腦
d保存文件e連接顯示器和電腦
f點擊“新文件”
( )1. swich on the computer
( ) 2. connect the monitor to the computer
( ) 3.use the mouse
( ) 4. click “new document ”
( ) 5. save the document
( ) 6. go online
2.we make travel plans on the computer .(改為一般疑問句)
plans on the computer?
3.my father uses the computer in the evening . (就劃線部分提問)
father the computer
這一關你通過了嗎?給自己一個恰當的評價吧!
great ( ) good ( ) come on ( )
設計目的:本環節為重要內容,突出重點,解決難點,有的放矢,做好中考鏈接。激發學生學習熱情,增強學習信心。 新穎的形式掀起第二次學習高潮,要求盡量背誦,可進行必要提示,以尊重學生個性,彰顯人性化教學。
穿插鞏固,創新探究
環節過渡:we know a lot about the computer
a.下列關于電腦的單詞,你能記住嗎?看誰記得又快又對!
keyboard monitor mouse printer computer
能在電腦上指出他們么?
b.這幾個詞是什么意思呢?
print , connect , switch on , use , click , save
他們都是動詞,在使用電腦時,可是大有用處!
試一試:請將下面的英文表達與相應的漢語意思搭配起來,并將序號填入題前的括號中。
a.使用鼠標 b上網 c打開電腦
d保存文件e連接顯示器和電腦
f點擊“新文件”
( )1. swich on the computer
( ) 2. connect the monitor to the computer
( ) 3.use the mouse
( ) 4. click “new document ”
( ) 5. save the document
( ) 6. go online
how to use the computer ?make your own conversation in your groups .
設計目的:擴展學生視野,啟迪心智,掀起第三次學習高潮。進一步加強合作學習,培養學生口頭及書面表達能力,完成信息輸出功能。
課堂總結,達標測評
總結本節重點考點,給出一些小測試題,當堂完成并評價。
設計目的:梳理知識使之系統條理化,養成良好學習習慣。
滲透情感,布置作業
必做作業:復習所學內容,整理課堂筆記,熟記詞匯和短語,并做一下題目加以鞏固與提高。
1、寫出下列短語:
多少電子郵件 發送郵件
上網 拜訪網站
下載音樂 玩電子游戲
2、寫作
有人說,網絡是一把雙刃劍,令人歡喜,令人憂,假設你的學校將舉行英文口語比賽,請你以how to keep safe on the internet為題寫一篇發言稿,準備參加此次比賽。
要求:詞數80詞左右(文中不要出現作者本人的真實信息)
選作作業:(走近中考)
一、閱讀理解
we are already familiar with computers—computers work for us at home, in offices and in factories. but it is also true that many children today are using computers at schools before they can write. what does this mean for the future? are these children lucky or not?
many people who do not know about computers think of them as machines that children play with. they worry that children do not learn from experience but just from pressing a button and that this is not good for them. they think that children are growing not knowing about the real world.
but people who understand more about computers say that computers can be very good for children. a computer can help them to learn about the real world more quickly, to learn what they want to learn and think for themselves. and for the future, don’t we need people who can think clearly, who know how to get information quickly and use it well? what do you think?
1. “to be familiar with” means to ______.
a. know nothing b. know about c. dislike d. like
2. does everyone think computers are good for children?( )
a. yes, they do. b. no, not everyone thinks so.c. they don’t know. d. they are not sure.
3. what can computers help children to do?( )
a. to think clearly, to do homework and to write.
b. to play games, to do math and to copy.
c. to think clearly, to get information and to use it well.
d. to count, to clean the house and to get information.
4. does the writer think computer is a good thing?( )
a. it isn’t mentioned. b. no, he doesn’t think so. c. he doesn’t know. d. yes, he does.
設計目的:進一步加強對基礎知識的鞏固,并利用話題作文,來引導學生正確的使用電腦,并從中受益。讓學生遠離網絡的不良傷害,建立正確的上網意識。利用與電腦有關的閱讀理解來進一步開拓學生的視野,接觸與之有關的知識。
八、課后反思
。ㄒ唬┱n前檢測,激活課堂。這是復習課的前提。
。ǘ┳灾、合作、探究是學生必備的學習策略,為其終身學習奠定基礎。
。ㄈ┰诮虒W中,我成功“345”課堂教學模式,使之與我校倡導的自主、合作、探究有機結合。實現了小組學習的成功嘗試。
。ㄋ模┻^渡語的應用,學習高潮的設置,拓展閱讀,增強了課堂的趣味性和凝聚力。
。ㄎ澹┱n堂作業的布置,與中考連接,訓練了學生的應考能力。
Computer 篇7
unit 3 computers
the 3rd period: learning about language
---the present perfect passive voice
goals: 1. learn the present perfect passive voice.
2. help the students master the way of using the correct voice, telling the differences between the active voice and the passive voice.
teaching procedures:
step 1: revision and lead-in
1. check the homework first
ex1:
1 totally 2 revolution 3 artificial intelligence 4 birth 5 simple-minded 6 go by
7 deal with 8 network 9 truly 10 anyway
ex2:
revolution; network; went by; totally; truly; simple-minded; anyway; deal with
ex3:
1 totally 2 amazed 3 exciting 4 excited
5 cheaply 6 unlucky
2. lead-in
say: are you familiar with these computers? can you call them? (ask the ss to distinguish different types of computers.)
do you know these new inventions of computer ?
a wrist-worn pc has been invented recently.
a pen-like computer has already been developed.
(show them some pictures and ask them to make some sentences , using the present perfect passive voice.)
eg: it’s rather a hot day today! would you like to have a swim after school ?
have you ever swum in the blue water world(藍色水世界) in the oriental suntown (東方太陽城) which has been set up in taizhou?
there a beautiful swimming pool has been built .
many high buildings have been set up.
lots of flowers and trees have been planted.
a new bridge has been completed….
step2: discovering
ask the ss to discover whether these sentences have something in common.. help them to learn the useful structure : the present perfect passive voice.
step3: discussion : learning the structure
give some explanations
1構成:
主動語態 被動語態
現在完成時 have/has done----------have/has been done
he has been sent to study the new technology in the company.
the dirty clothes have not been washed.
have the windows been cleaned?
how many shopping centers have been built in this city?
2. 只有及物動詞才有被動語態,不及物動詞(詞組)沒有被動語態, 如:happen, take place,
die, appear, disappear, fail, remain, lie, last, sit ,stand, break out, come true, belong to等.如:
what has happened to your brother?
3.但許多不及物動詞加介詞或副詞構成的短語動詞,相當于及物動詞,也可以有被動語態。
但短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體,變為被動語態時,不可丟掉構成短語的介詞或副詞。如:
the child has been taken good care of by grandma wang all these years.
a notice has been put up on the wall
step4: practice and exercises
1.change the following sentences into the present perfect passive voice.
!). we have completed all the preparations for the task, and we’re ready to start.
2). this company has produced new types of computers.
3). they have interviewed several teachers for the job.
4). george has sent some texts and pictures to his friend’s cellphone.
5). they have developed some programmes for the human resource department of their company.
2.change the following sentences into the present perfect passive voice. put the verbs into correct form.
recently we have bought a new personal computer. we have used the computer every day since we bought it. we have just joined our computer to the internet. however, we have found many problems with it. so we have decided to ask a professional man to fix it. soon he has fixed the computer. he has built a pc way we wanted . how excited we are! these days we have written a lot of e-mails on the computer. we have decided to write a report about the positive and the negative effects of using computers.
3. do some exercises: choice
step5: using the structure : play a game—what has been decided.
1. give the ss the situation : get into groups of four. your task is to decide what has been decided for the class .take turns to make the ideas as interesting or as lively as you can.
2. give the ss some examples:
s1: it has been decided that those who do not do heir homework will be asked to return to school on saturday.
s2:it has been decided that those who keep the classroom tidy should be allowed to go home early everyday.
s3:it has been decided … s4:…
3. ask them to collect the ones they all like best and be prepared to tell them to the class.
step6: further study: 高考鏈接(this step can be done according to teaching needs.)
1. ---how long _____ at this job? b
--- since 1990.
a. were you employed b. have you been employed
c. had you been employed d. will you be employed
2. when and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___yet. ( 上海春季) d
a. are not decided b. have not been decided
c. is not being decided d. has not been decided
3.all the preparations for the task ___, and we are ready to start. ( 北京春季) d
step 7: homework
1.finish exercise 1 on p57.
2.revise the present perfect passive voice.
Computer 篇8
初二英語上冊 unit 3 computers 階段性檢測
一、單項選擇
1.you might many hidden dangers in your home.
a.are unaware of b.is unaware of
c.am unware of d.be unware of
2.the yangtze river is one of in the world.
a.the longest rivers b.the longest river
c.longer rivers d.longer river
3.lin fang comes home than before this term. she doesn’t have so many classes in the afternoon.
a.early b.earlier c.late d.later
4.---why are you standing there, maggie?
---i can’t see the blackboard clearly, two tall boys are sitting me.
a.behind b.in front of c.beside d.next to
5.eddie has to do, and he sleeps all day long.
a.everything b.something c.anything d.nothing
6.---have you seen the film coming home directed by zhang yimou?
---not yet, i’m seeing it. it’s said the film is great!
a.looking down on b.looking out for
c.looking up to d.looking forward to
7.mr.green always the weekend playing with his children.
a.spends b.takes c.pays d.costs
8.---are you going to brazil to watch fifa world cup( 年國際足聯世界杯)this summer?
---i’m not sure. it time.
a.depends on b.cares about c.agrees to d.finds out
9.mum always tells me that nothing can be learned hard work.
a.with b.by c.for d.without
10.football is than basketball.
a.very popular b.popular c.more popular d.much popular
二、閱讀理解
a
we live in the computer age. computers can help people do much of work. such as playing games, listening to music , shopping and so on. but few people know how to take care of them. please remember the following when you use your computer:
1. keep your computer in a dry cool room. too much heat is bad for computers.
2. do not smoke near your computer. smoking is also bad for them.
3. do not drink or eat near computers. a little water and pieces of food in the keyboard are also bad for a computer.
4. keep your screen clean and do not have it too bright. they are bad for your eyes. make sure the screen is not too far or too near to your eyes when you use a computer.
1. what can people do with computers?
a. playing games. b. listening to music
c. shopping d. all of them above
2. where should computers be put?
a. a dry place b. a cool place
c. a dry and cool place d. a warm place
3. what is bad for a computer?
a. too much heat in the room, smoking or eating near the computer.
b. too-much heat in the room, drinking or eating near the computer.
c. too much heat in the room, smoking or drinking near the computer.
d. too much heat in the room, smoking, drinking or eating near the computer.
4. why shouldn’t we keep the screen of a computer too bright? because it’s bad for ______.
a. the computer b. our eyes
c. our bodies d. our environment
5. the best title of the passage may be ______.
a. how to protect our eyes? b. how to use computers?
c. how to protect your computer? d. what can computers do for us?
b
with the development of science and technology, our dailylife is becoming more colorful and more convenient.
an underwater hotel
it looks like a spaceship but it is actually a picture of an underwater hotel. a company plans to build the hotel in the sea which is about 15metres below the surface(表面).the whole building is underwater and you can get to it by swimming and diving.
google glass
google glass is a pair of glasses with a battery(電池)hidden inside the frame(邊框). it can perform many of the same tasks as smart phones. the glass has hidden camera and a tiny screen. it is designed to take hands-free photos or videos of anything people are doing.
a new kind of shirt
hate washing clothes? you’re going to love this kind of shirt made by an american clothing company, wool prince. this shirt can be worn for 100 straight days without washin g! the wool prince shirt never needs ironing(熨燙).
the digital(數字) library
can you imagine walking into a library and finding all books have turned into companies? the first bookless public library is planned to open in san antonio, texas, america. computers will take the place of books soon.
1. the underwater hotel is about _______meters below the surface.
a. 10 b. 15 c. 100 d. 150
2. you needn’t use ______ when you take photos or video with google glass.
a. camera b. a screen c. a battery d. your hand
3. you can wear the wool&prince shirt for about ______ without washing.
a.a month b. two months c. three months d. a year
4. the digital library tells us something about a library without ______.
a. books b. computers c. bookshelves d. reader
5. which one of the following can reduce our housework in our daily life?
a. the underwater hotel b google glass
c. the wool&prince shirt d. the digital library
c
one morning, a blind boy sat beside a building with a hat by his feet. he held a sign which said, “i am blind. please help me.”
there were only a few coins in the hat. a man was walking by. he took out a few coins from his pocket and dropped them into the hat. he then took the sign, turned it around, and wrote some words on it. he put the sign back so that everyone who walked by could the new words.
soon the hat began to fill up. a lot more people were giving money to the blind boy. that afternoon the man who had changed the sign came to see how things were. the boy recognized his footsteps and asked, “are you the one who changed my sign in the morning? what did you write?”
the man said, “i only wrote the truth.i said what you said, but in a different way.”
what he had written was, “today is a beautiful day, but i can" t see it.”
do you think the first sign and the second sign were saying the same thing?
of course both signs told people the boy was blind.but the first sign simply told people to help by putting some money in the hat.the second sign told people that they were able to enjoy the beautiful day, but the boy could not enjoy it because he was blind. the first sign simply said the boy was blind, while the second sig told people they were so lucky that they were not blind.
there are at least two lessons we can learn from this simple story.
the first is:treasure (珍惜) what you have. someone else has less. try your best to help those who need your help.
the second is:be creative. think differently. there is always a better way.
1.form the article we know that _______
a.the boy always has a hat on his head
b.the man is one of his neighbors
c.the boy is blind and needs help
d.the boy works for the man
2.on the sign what the man wrote was, “_________”.
a.treasure what we have already had
b.today is a beautiful day, but i can"t see it
c.we are so lucky that we are not blind
d.try your best to help those who reed your help.
3.according to the article, which of the following is true?
a.the hat began to fill up after the man wrote some words on the sign.
b.the man took away all the few coins from the hat.
c.the boy wanted to get enough money to go to school.
d.nobody wanted to give any coins to the blind boy.
4.the word “recognized” here in chinese means ______
a. 承認 b.接受 c.表揚 d.認出
5._______is the best tide (題目 ) for this story.
a.be careful not to be blind.
b.be creative.there, is always a better way!
c.be kind to the blind!
d.don"t always get, but offer!
三、拼寫單詞
1.who will know how to o the system?
2.if something is very small, it is t .
3.this bmw car is too e ; he doesn’t hve enouth money to buy it.
4.planes can travel at a faster s than trains.
5.many young people enjoy skiing. it is really p .
四、完成句子
1.他父親從事醫生的工作。
his father a doctor.
2.那場意外事故改變了他的生活。
that accident .
3.有些人沒有意識到讓小孩子獨處的危險性。
some people the danger of leaving the little children alone.
4.除了必須要做家務之外,她還要照顧弟弟。
she must do all the housework. , she must look after her younger brother.
5.沒有任何事情能阻止他實現自己的夢想。
nothing can his own dream come true.
Computer 篇9
period 4 listeningthe general idea of this period:this period includes listening and writing on page 21;listening on page 55 and listening task on page 58.apparently,the purpose of this period is to train the students’ listening—for information;for comprehension and for language.meanwhile,the students will be trained to express their own opinions after listening.teaching aims:1.help the students to learn about the knowledge of information technology.2.enable the students to get the main ideas of the listening materials.teaching important and difficult points:1.how to get the main idea and information in details.2.express their own opinions after listening.teaching methods:1.task-based learning.2.cooperative learning.teaching aids:1.a tape recorder.2.a multimedia.teaching procedures:step 1 revisioncheck the students’ interviews.get the students to work together with their partners to interview each other.step 2 listening and writing (page 21)task 1 listen to a conversationt:class,as we all know,the 21st century is the century of information and technology.next we will listen to a conversation about different kinds of information technology or it.and as we know,each kind of information technology has its own advantages and disadvantages.so from this conversation we will listen for the advantages and disadvantages of each one.but before listening let’s first look at the pictures on page 21 and the form on page 22 to make sure what you are going to do while listening.ok,let’s begin.the students listen to the conversation for the first time.task 2 discussion and fillingt:you can see there are a tv,a cd-rom,a computer,a radio,a dvd and newspaper here.now try to finish filling in the form with the information you have just got from the conversation.suggested answers:
type of it
advantages
disadvantages
tv
you can both listen and watch
you can’t write to friends
web
you can find information
it’s very expensive
radio
you can listen to english
you can not watch
book
you can get information
sometimes it is out-of-datet:now,let’s discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each type of it in small groups and then decide which type of it is best for you to use,according to the form above and explain the reasons.while discussing,remember to use the following expressions:i think that...in my opinion...i believe that...i agree because...i disagree because...i’ve decided that...step 3 listening (page 55)t:now come to the listening on page 55.before you listening,please read the requirements of ex.1.after that,you will find the three robots from the pictures above on page 55 and number them.the possible number:picture 1—no.3 picture 3—no.2 picture 4—no.1t:now please look at these boxes on page 55 before you listen to the tape again,and try to find out the listening points.pay more attention to these points and you may make some notes while listening.three minutes later.t:now try to fill in the boxes with the information from the listening material,and then check your answers with your partners.suggested answers:
personal robot
information
size
35 cm
what it looks like
robot with five arms
what it can do
all homework
price
50 yuan a day
bird-like android
information
size
10 cm
what it looks like
bird-like android
what it can do
sings beautifully
price
600 yuan
lonely android
information
size
2 m
what it looks like
large,energetic robot
what it can do
climbs mountains;plays guitar;sings karaoke
telephone number
room-1234step 4 listening task (page 58)t:now please turn to page 58,and finish the listening task.as we know,computers are used widely and put into androids.please look at the pictures above.there are two androids in it.one works as a maid.the other works in a car factory.they are friends and they were made at the same time.now they are talking about their lives and what it feels like to be android.ok,please listen carefully to their problems and fill in the form.i’ll play the tape twice.after listening.t:try to fill in the forms as quickly as you can,and then we will check the answers in class.suggested answers
sally and brenda’s problems
about their jobs
their programmer decided them
about changing their jobs
they are not able to change jobs
about who decides their future
their programmer does
about how they are different from people
they can not smell,laugh,taste,or eat food
about how they are the same as people
they enjoy footballt:from what we have just listened,we know that sally and brenda have some troubles in their lives.they are treated badly.now you are going to make a list of the rights that androids should have so that they will be treated better.you can work with your partners and have discussion.suggested answers:1.they should be able to choose the work they do.2.they should have their own time.3.they should be able to change their jobs.4.they should be able to decide their own future.5.they should be able to taste,smell,feel,etc.step 5 assignmentt:class,i really appreciate your good performance in this listening class.i can see that your listening has greatly improved since you came to the senior school.keep on your good work!ok,we have no time left.i’d like to assign you some homework to do.1.go over the listening and writing on page 21 and get ready for the writing.step 6 the design of the writing on the blackboard
unit 3 computers
period 4
type of it
advantages
disadvantages
tv
you can both listen and watch.
you can’t write to friends.
web
you can find information.
it’s very expensive.
radio
you can listen to english.
you can not watch.
book
you can get information.
sometimes it is out-of-date.
personal robot
information
size
35 cm
what it looks like
robot with five arms
what it can do
all homework
price
50 yuan a day
bird-like android
information
size
10 cm
what it looks like
bird-like android
what it can do
sings beautifully
price
600 yuan
lonely android
information
size
2 m
what it looks like
large,energetic robot
what it can do
climbs mountains;plays guitar;sings karaoke
telephone number
room-1234step 7 record after teaching
Computer 篇10
北師大版六年級英語上冊教案
unit5 the broken computer
the5th period
teaching aims:
1. the students can understand the pronunciation and read them correctly.
2. the students like to learn english.
teaching emphasis:
1.learn the pronunciation.
2.teaching difficulty
3.how to understand the pronunciation and read them correctly.
teaching process:
step1
review the story
t: ask them some questions about the story.
s: try to read the questions.
t: retell the story for the children and have the children try to retell the story.
s: listen the story and try to retell the story.
step2:
pronunciation
t: have the children look at the pictures and try to read these words.
s: try to read these words.
t: ask the question “are they same pronunciation?”
s: answer the question.
t: play the tape and have the children repeat.
s: repeat the words.
t: explain the different pronunciation and have the children read these words.
s: read these words many times.
step3:
perfect your pronunciation
t: tell the students they will listen the words and find the different one. play the tape and have the children do the exercise.
s: listen to the tape and try to do exercise.
t: play the tape again and have the children cross the word that is different.
s: listen and do them.
t: have the children check the answer in pairs.
s: check the answer.
t: play the tape again and have the children repeat.
s: repeat the words.
step4:
chant and sing
t: play the tape and have the children just listen to the song.
s: just listen.
t: play the tape again and have the children try to sing it.
s: try to sing. (two times)
step5:
bingo kids quiz
t: have the children read them and try to choose the correct answer.
s: read them and try to do them.
t: check the correct answer.
homework:
have the children listen to the song and try to sing it after class.
the6th period
teaching aims:
1. the students can do some exercise by themselves.
2. the students like to learn english.
teaching emphasis:
1.review this unit and do some exercise.
2.evaluate their learning.
teaching difficulty
how to do these exercise.
teaching process:
step1
review the story, words and grammar.
t: have the children try to retell the story.
s: try to retell it.
t: dictation. have the children try to write these words in the dictionary book.
s: listen and write these words.
t: review the grammar and have the children do some exercise.
s: try to do these exercises.
step2:
do some exercise.
t: play the tape and have the children try to complete the blanks.
s: listen and try to do them.
t: play the tape again and have the children check the answer.
s: listen again and check the answer.
t: have some students speak out their answers and have the children correct the answer.
t: have the children do exercise3 by themselves.
s: try to do it.
t: check the answer.
t: have the children try to write a paragraph.
s: try to write.
t: give an example.
step3:
evaluate your learning
t: have the children evaluate themselves.
s: do them.
homework:
review this unit.
Computer 篇11
unit 3 computer
vocabulary and useful expressions
common
n. 1. an area of grassland with no fences which all people are free to use or a piece of open land for recreational use in an urban area (常用于專有名詞中): every saturday jean went riding on the village common. harlow common is very beautiful in winter.哈洛公園在冬天時風景很美。2. in common: in shared possession 3. out of common: unusual adj. 1. of or associated with the great masses of people: the common people in those days suffered greatly. 2. to be expected; standard: common decency. 3. common to or shared by two or more parties: common friend. 4. of no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual: the common man. 5. belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public: for the common good. 6. commonly encountered: a common (or familiar) complaint. 7. being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language: common parlance. 8. lacking refinement or cultivation or taste: behavior that branded him as common. 9. of low or inferior quality or value: produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population.
simple
n. 1. any herbaceous plant having medicinal properties 2. a person lacking intelligence or common sense adj. 1. not elaborate in style; unornamented: a simple country schoolhouse. 2. (botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions 3. having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved: a simple problem. 4. easy and not involved or complicated: a simple game.) 5. lacking mental capacity and devoid of subtlety 6. exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity: simple courtesy.
technology
n. 1. the practical application of science to commerce or industry 2. the discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems
universal
n. coupling that connects two rotating shafts allowing freedom of movement in all directions: in motor vehicles a universal joint allows the drive shaft to move up and down as the vehicle passes over bumps.) adj. of worldwide scope or applicability: universal experience.
mathematical
adj. 1. statistically possible though highly improbable: have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs. 2. beyond question: a mathematical certainty. 3. of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics: a mathematical textbook. 4. characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics: mathematical precision. 5. relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers: a mathematical whiz.
artificial
adj. 1. contrived by art rather than nature: artificial flowers. 2. not arising from natural growth or characterized by vital processes 3. artificially formal: her husband hated the artificial humility .
disagree
v. 1. be different from one another 2. be of different opinions: she disagrees with her husband on many questions.
disadvantage
n. the quality of having an inferior or less favorable position v. put at a disadvantage; hinder, harm: this rule clearly disadvantages me.
choice
n. 1. the act of choosing or selecting: your choice of colors was unfortunate.) 2. one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen: my only choice is to refuse.
adj. 1. of superior grade: choice wines. 2. appealing to refined taste: choice wine.
material
n. 1. things needed for doing or making something: writing materials. 2. information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form: the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography.) 3. a person judged suitable for admission or employment: he was university material. 4. the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object: coal is a hard black material. 5. artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers: she measured off enough material for a dress.
adj. 1. directly relevant to a matter especially a law case: his support made a material difference. 2. concerned with or affecting physical as distinct from intellectual or psychological well-being: material needs. 3. concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests: material possessions. 4. derived from or composed of matter: the material universe. 5. having substance or capable of being treated as fact; not imaginary
mate
n. 1. the partner of an animal (especially a sexual partner): he loved the mare and all her mates. 2. a fellow member of a team: it was his first start against his former teammates.
create
v. 1. invest with a new title, office, or rank: create one a peer. 2. create by artistic means: create a poem. 3. bring into existence: the company was created 25 years ago. 4. make or cause to be or to become: create a furor.
move
n. 1. the act of deciding to do something: he didn’t make a move to help. 2. the act of changing your residence or place of business: they say that three moves equal one fire. 3. the act of changing location from one place to another: the movement of people from the farms to the cities. 4. a change of position that does not entail a change of location: movement is a sign of life. v. 1. dispose of by selling: the chairman of the company told the salesmen to move the computers. 2. live one’s life in a specified environment: she moves in certain circles only. 3. go or proceed from one point to another: the debate moved from family values to the economy. 4. arouse sympathy or compassion in: her fate moved us all. 5. move so as to change position, perform a nontranslational motion: he moved his hand slightly to the right. 6. cause to move, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense: move those boxes into the corner, please. 7. change residence, affiliation, or place of employment: we moved from idaho to nebraska. 8. perform an action, or work out or perform (an action): we must move quickly. 9. change location; move, travel, or proceed: the soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell. 10. give an incentive for action: this moved me to sacrifice my career.
brain
n. 1. part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord 2. mental ability: he’s got plenty of brains but no common sense.
spoil
n. 1. the act of stripping and taking by force 2. the act of spoiling something by causing damage to it: her spoiling my dress was deliberate.3. (usually plural) valuables taken by violence (especially in war): to the victor belong the spoils of the enemy. v. 1. become unfit for consumption or use: the meat must be eaten before it spoils. 2. have a strong desire or urge to do something: he is spoiling for a fight.
mop
n. cleaning implement consisting of absorbent material fastened to a handle; for cleaning floors v. 1. make a sad face and thrust out one’s lower lip: mop and mow.) 2. to wash or wipe with or as if with a mop: mop the hallway now.
wander
v. 1. go via an indirect route or at no set pace: after dinner, we wandered into town. 2. move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment: the wandering jew. 3. lose clarity or turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument in writing, thinking, or speaking: her mind wanders. 4. be sexually unfaithful to one’s partner in marriage: might her husband be wandering? 5. to move or cause to move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course: sometimes, the gout wanders through the entire body.
Computer 篇12
module 10 computers
一.教學內容分析
本模塊的話題是讓學生了解一些電腦方面的知識及如何使用電腦。語法結構是一般現在時
的特殊疑問句學習。詞匯主要是與電腦有關的單詞。上網是學生感興趣的活動,借助這一
話題展開討論,通過討論讓學生掌握一般現在時特殊疑問句的結構與基本用法。
二.教學目標
1.認知目標
2.技能目標
3.情感態度,文化意識
1.認知目標
熟練掌握有關電腦的詞匯及用語,掌握一般現在時的用法,領會并熟悉掌握/t∫/ 的發音
特色。要求學生貼近生活,結合實際中的電腦的有關知識加以學習。
2.技能目標
要求學生能聽懂有關電腦方面的簡單詞匯;聽懂一般現在時的特殊疑問句;能就電腦的
使用進行簡單的問答;能讀懂基本句序及問答;根據閱讀內容能修改有錯誤信息的句子,
并能用but連接句子;同時也能簡單表述計算機的使用。所有這些要求學生多聽,多說。
多練,在練中加深理解。
3.情感目標
通過學習,要求學生提高學習電腦和英語的興趣,促進學生適應時代的發展,進一步培
養學生的良好情感。
三.教學知識重點
重點詞匯
1有關電腦的詞:computer,keyboard,monitor,mouse,printer,document,laptop, website,
information,internet
2.動詞:switch,use,click,save,download,check
3.副詞:first,next,finally,then,sometimes,again
4.其它:box,online,train,timetable,london,kind
重點句型
1. how do you open a new document ?
2.do you often go online ?
3. what do you usually do on your computer ?
4. he checks the train timetable but he doesn’t buy tickets .
交際用語
1.what’s the mouse ?
2.what do i do next ?
3.how do i print it ?
4.do you have a computer at home ?
四.教學理念 :
任務型語言教學
以“電腦”這一話題為主線,采用任務型語言教學途徑,兼顧交際功能和有關一般疑問
句 的語言知識結構的學習,以一種循序漸進的交際性的學習程序引導學生學會運用這個
語言知識有目的地做事情。
五.教法學法
1、 充分利用學生已有知識和經驗,創設生活化的真實情境和半真實情境,引導學生在
2、 運用語言中學 習語言,然后在學習新的語言知識后創造性地運用語言。(為用而學,在用中學,學了就用)
3、開展各種任務型活動,給學生提供交流合作的空間和時間,促使學生為完成任務和
同學進行合作,為完成任務進行探究學習。
六.課時安排
第一課時 (listening and speaking )
unit1 how do i write my homework on the computer ?
第二課時 (reading and vocabulary )
unit 2 how often do you use a computer ?
第三課時 (語言運用)
unit 3 language in use
第四課時 (練習鞏固及課外知識拓展) module 10, workbook
七 各課時具體教學安排
第一課時 how do i write my homework on the computer?
教學內容: how do i write my homework on the computer?
教材分析: this unit is focused on computer
學情分析: more than 90% students can use computer nowadays. it’s new for students to
know computer knowledge in english.
教學目標: to get to know basic words about computer. to understand the dialogueto learn
how to give instructions
教學重點:computer knowledgegive instructions. learn to use four words in writing ---
first/ next/ then/ finally
設計思路: give students pre-tasks to get to know the computer words in english start with
words first. then listen and read the conversation. finally, answer the questions.
教學步驟:
step1: warming up.
step2: get the students to talk about the development of exchanging information, present the
new word computer. learn the parts of the computer.
step3: listen and number the words as the students hear them
step4: complete these sentences with these words.
step5: listen and answer,then listen to the dialogue and number the instructions in the correct order.next find these words in the conversation. write the words they go with.work in pairs.last listen and read.
step6 : discussion how the students write their homework on the computer? work in pairs .
step7: do some exercises .
step8: language points .
step9: homework
1. read activity 4.
2.use computer to write an article “ computer in my life”
第二課時 how often do you use a computer
教學內容: how often do you use a computer?
教材分析: this unit is also focused on computer.
學情分析: students have had the basic knowledge of computer.
教學目標: to understand the reading
教學重點: reading and writing skills.
the usage of “but”
special questions--- how often/how many/ what/ when
設計思路: share students’ writings in class. compare with the reading of the textbook. is it important for people to use computers in their daily life? how often do they use a computer?
how about you?
教學步驟:
step1: warming up .review the content in unit one .
step2: match the questions with the people who answer them .first give the students the answers ,then let them find the questions .
step3: now please read the text again. which words are new to you?please underline them.
step4: making new phrases .
step5: read the people and their computer again ,then tell the following sentences “true” or“false”.
step6: practice "which word "? let the student choose the right word according to the sentences.
step7 : look at these sentences .then according to the model ,join the two parts of the sentences with "but".
step8: make a list of your favourite websites. work with a partner. discuss why you like these
websites. what do you use them for?
step9: write sentences about what you do and don’t do on your computer . use “but”
eg: i play games but i don’t send emails .
step10: homework
1.do 6-7 on page 109 & 11 on p110 of workbook.
2.write no. 13 on p111 (workbook) on exercise book.
第三課時 language in use
教學內容: language in use.
教材分析: this unit is focused on grammar.
lexis- verb phrases .syntactic structure for present simple
學情分析: students have known something about verb phrases in last unit consolidate the knowledge they have known.
教學目標: general question and special question in present simple
the adverbs of frequency---usually/ often
教學重點: lexis- verb phrases
consolidate present simple: affirmative/ negative and interrogative sentences
設計思路: warming-up with activity 4 & 5.
review the reading in unit 2 activity1.
make a questionnaire with these questions. write the name of the person, and make notes on the answers.
教學步驟:
step 1: warming up .have a revision .
step2 :language practice:what do you usually on your computer?
how many emails do you send?
do you often go online?
do you make travel plans on the internet?
step3:ask and answer. use usually and often.
step4:can you read them correctly?grasp the sounds /ts/ /s/ /z/ /iz/ /dz/
step5:fill in the blanks.learn to use "don't" and "doesn't"
step 6 : match the words
step7: around the world .discuss what we can use computers for?
step8: module task: doing a questionnaire about computers .then ask the questions in your questionnaire.make notes of the answers of your classmates.talkabout the answers to your questionnaire
step 9 homework: finish off all the exercises on the workbook.
第四課時
以配套練習workbook 為主,展開知識鞏固和深化,并做詞匯、語法概念的補充,
使學生更為全面的掌握本模塊知識。
step1: warm-up 熱身房
listen and chant 聽聽說說
my computer---
has a mouse (click click)[snap fingers]
has a mouse (click click)[snap fingers]
and the mouse hangs out on the mouse-pad!
the mouse-pad (whut, whew) [pat knees]
the mouse-pad (whut, whew) [pat knees]
the mouse-pad sits next to the keyboard.
long keyboard (tickety tack) [pretend to be typing]
long keyboard (tickety tack) [pretend to be typing]
keyboard talks to the brain box.
brain box thinks (cpu!) [finger on temple]
brain box thinks (cpu!) [finger on temple]
brain box shows us on the monitor.
monitor shows (whew, whee) [wave hands]
monitor shows (whew, whee) [wave hands]
monitor shows us all we can see!
step2:listen and fill.to know the english teenagers how to use the computer .
step3: fill in the blanks with the given words .pay attention the right forms .
step4:finish the following dialogue .
step5:have a competition . words competition
step6:discussion" what are the advantages and disadvantages of computer?" work in groups.
step7:culture corner .intrduce "bill gates " and some signs about computers.
step8: creative work .imagine what computers will be like in the future
step9: homework
1. listen to the tape and repeat after the tape at home.
2. make sentences according to the key words of part 4
3. learn to send an email to a foreign friend
Computer 篇13
動詞時態 一、經過前幾個單元的學習,到這個單元為止,時態已經學完。按照要求,學生需要掌握下列幾個重要時態。 1、一般現在時。 1》概念 其基本意義在于表示發生在包括講話時間在內的動作或狀態。 2》理解:本時態主要關注動作的經常性,強調動作表現的事實,或者是真理,而且和現在有關。 〈1〉表示客觀真理,科學事實,格言,及其它各種不受時間限制的客觀存在狀況。 如: light travels faster than sound action speaks louder than words <2> 表示經常性或習慣性的動作。 如;our art teacher practises painting twice a day. tom often regularly drop in on the professor. <3> 表示現在的特征或狀態。 如:he is always ready to help others. tom seldom rises at six. <4> 有when/ while/ until/ before/ as soon as/if /even if等引導的時間,條件,或讓步壯語從句中,常用一般現在時。 如:when we get there,we'll call you. no one can go through with the task on time if it rains. i'll not attend her birthday party even if i am invited. <5> 在新聞標題,小說,戲劇,電影,圖片等說明中,也經常用一般現在時。 如:the delegation of china gets a warm welcome in russia. the story is about a family---.the husband comes home from his office and tells the wife that he has invited a friend to dinner. 3》標志:often/always/usually/seldom./never..對上述壯語提問時,常用 how often...? 肯定句中,動詞用第三人稱單數形式。 如: ---how often does he visit the old man? —---never. 2.一般過去時 1》概念 本時態主要是表示過去的時間內發生的動詞作或者是狀態。 2》理解 強調過去動作的一次性和習慣性。 <1> 表示過去特定時間的一次完成的動作。 如: the old professor stepped into the classroom, opened the book, and began to read. we went to beijing and visited heaven temple. <2> 用它表示習慣性動作,往往用一定的時間狀語或表示頻度的狀語。 如:we went to school together when we were boys and so we saw each other every day. there used to a temple in the village. 在日常會話中,我們也用一般過去時表示現在的時間。這種用法在講話的口氣上表現出婉轉,客氣的意味。 如: ---did you want me ? ----yes,i hoped you could give me a hand with the painting. 3》警示:除了表示明顯的過去時間狀語外,還有used to/would等暗示性詞語。 如:when i was in london, often,i would have a cup of coffee after work. 注意:上句中的would 不能用 used to 代替。這兩個詞雖然都表示"過去常常",但would 常和時間連用,如 often, every day 等,而used to 不可以。 3。一般將來時 1》概念 表示將來要發生的動作。 2》理解 對未來事情的預見性,或者說明意圖,打算。 <1> 用will 或shall +動詞的形式表示對未來事情的預見性,又稱為預見性將來時。 如: tomorrow will be fine . you will feel better after taking the medicine. <2> 用 be going to do表示將來。 用這種形式表示將來主要是說明現在的意圖,打算,即表明眼前最近要去做的事情。又稱之為近期將來。如:i'm going to post two letters after class./she is going to have a university degree. 如果這種結構用物做主語,也是一種預見,可以用will 代替。 如:it is going to rain watch out!the pill of boxes is going to fall. <3> 用be+going 表示將來 一般說來,用現在進行時表示將來所用的時間大都是動作動詞,不適用于狀態動詞。用這種結構表示按計劃要去做的事或發生的事情。 如:we're inviting several people to a party. the foreign ministry is coming to the un this week. the plane is taking off at 5:30 一般來說,be doing / be going to do 兩種結構均可以表示將來,但有些區別。 比較:i am taking mary out for dinner tonight . i am going to take mary out for dinner tonight. 第一句表示計劃已定不能改變,第二句表示打算未定只是一種想法而已。 <4> 用be+to do 表示將來時間 這種結構也可以表示按計劃,隨安排將要去做的事情或將要發生的動作。 如;the workers are to produce 5000 cars next year. the prime minister is to speak on television tonight. the line is to be open to traffic on october 1. 這種結構表示的將要發生的動作一般來說受人們意志控制或支配的。可以互換,但語意上有區別。如: we are going to play basketball this afternoon.<表示目前的意圖> we are to play basketball this afternoon.<表示計劃,安排或受人的支配>. 我們可以說:it's going to rain /the young man is going to be fat. 但不能說:it is to rain/the young man is to be fat. <5>用一般現在時表示將來。 如:next christmas falls on a tuesday the train leaves at 7:30 this evening . the plane takes off at 6:40. 3》警示 除了上述那些之外,也用be about to/be on the point of /be on the middle of/ 表將來。 如:the meeting is about to begin. we are on the point of going out ... 但值得注意的是這種形式不和將來的時間用在一起。我們不可以說they are about to leave this afternoon. 4。進行時 1》概念 表示某時某刻某階段正在進行的動作。 2》理解 進行的動作包括現在,過去和將來。 <一> 現在進行時 本結構是am/is/are+doing構成的形式。這種時態表示的動作主要與現在時間有關系。有如下的用法。 <1> 表示此刻正在進行或發生的動作 常伴有時間狀語。如:now/at present/ at the moment at present, the staff are holding a meeting. where are they having the basketball match ? <2> 表示現階段正在進行的動作。 i usually get up at seven, but i'm getting up at six every day this week to prepare my lessons. selecting a mobile phone is difficult. the technology is changing . <3> 如果和表示頻度的時間狀語連用,不表示動作的進行,而表示動作的重復性,在語意上帶有感情色彩。如: you are continually finding fault with me.<表不滿》 he is always thinking of how he could do for the people《表贊揚〉 the old man is constantly complaining of his watch being slow.〈發牢騷〉 〈二〉過去進行時。 本結構是was/were+doing 構成的形式。它表示的狀態或動作主要和過去的時間有聯系,所以往往和表示過去的時間連用。 〈1〉表示過去某時刻正在進行的動作。如: what were you doing at ten last night? when i got up this morning, it was raining outside. <2> 表示過去某階段中正在進行的動作。如: at that time, he was working in a pla unit. in those years he was having a happy life. <3> 在敘述故事的背景時,為了使故事的語言更加生動,讓讀者有身臨其境的效果,多用進行時。如:one morning the three sisters were together in the drawing room.mary was sewing, alice was playing the piano, and jane was doing nothing, then suddenly the door opened... 正如現在進行時一樣,過去進行時與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,也能表示某種情感色彩。 3》警示 進行時還常用在語境中,表示語氣的委婉。如: ---what are you going to do? ---i'm hoping to invite you to dinner. 5.完成時。 1》概念 本時態是表示某動作或某過程在一定時間內處于完成的狀態。 2》理解 完成時包括現在完成時和過去完成時態。構成分別為have<has> done/had done. <一>現在完成時。動作在過去發生,持續到現在已經完成,或者是繼續持續下去。 <1> 已經完成的用法。其表明某動作或過程發生在說話前某個不明確的過去時刻,到目前一完成,并對目前造成影響。如:he has not been to shanghai/have you finished reading the story ? 本用法常和不確定時間狀語連用。如:already/yet/before/recently/lately/just...等 i have seen him before we haven't been there lately 也可以和表示頻度的時間狀語用在一起。如:ever/never/once---等。 i have never been to hongkong. have you ever visited the great wall ? <2> 未完成的用法。本用法表示某動作或狀態開始于過去某個時刻一直延續到現在,而且還要繼續下去,在某種情況下也可能剛剛結束。常和 since/for/時間狀語連用。如: he has been in the army for 3 years. he has lived in the building since he came here. 3》警示:如果不過since 引導的從句中的動詞是延續性的,一般認為,語意上也表明動作或狀態的結束。如: i haven't heard from him since he lived there. 從他離開那兒以來,我一直未收到他的消息。 he has written to me frequently since i was ill. 從我病愈以來,他常給我寫信。 如果since引導的從句中的謂語動詞用了現在完成時,那么表示的動作或狀態就不表示完結。如: i haven't heard from him since he has lived there . 從我住在那里以來,我一直未收到他的來信。 he has written to me frequently since i have been ill. 從我生病以來,他常給我寫信。 <二>過去完成時。本時態表示的是動作在過去的過去發生。它也分為“已完成用法”和“未完成用法”。 1>已完成用法。表示,當一個動作發生或結束時,在它之前的另一動作已經完成。這種用法既用于動作動詞,也用于狀態動詞。如: when we arrived the cinema,the tickets have been sold out. tom flew home,but his father had already died. iwas told that the old man had been away for a week. 2>未完成用法。表明某個動作或狀態在過去某個時刻之前一直延續到過去這個時間,而且還可能繼續下去。它也使用于動作和狀態動詞。而且常和 by +過去時間 或從句 連用。如: by 12,he had studied for 4 hours. by we got there,they had ended the meeting. we had worked together for a long time before we came to this college . 3>警示:在by + 過去時間或從句的結構中,如果主句動詞是動作動詞,用過去完成時,如果是狀態動詞,用一般過去時。比較: by the end of last year,he was 12. by the end of last year,he had learned 300 english words. 另外,在---hardly---when/ ---no sooner---than---的句中,主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時。而且,如果hardly./no sooner 提前,主句需要部分倒裝。如: i had hardly recoganized him when i saw him. hardly had i recoganized him when i saw him.