Unit 8    I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

         did you ring up your father last week? 上周你給你的父親打電話了嗎？
        ④give …a ring
         do you know who gave zhang hua a ring an hour ago? 你知道一小時前誰給張華打電話了嗎？
        ⑤telephone / phone…up        
telephone up me as soon as you arrive in shanghai . 你一到上海就給我打電話。
⑥telephone /phone (to)…
will you please telephone to the policeman?  請你給警察打個電話好嗎？
         call up、ring up和telephone / phone…up等是由“動詞+副詞”構成的詞組，如果它們的賓語是代詞，這個詞要用在副詞之前。
         please call him up at once, please!  請馬上給他打電話。
         wang ping isn’t here. i want to phone her up now.王萍沒來，我現在正要給他打電話。
7. i’d like to thank you for sending money to “animal helpers”, an organization set up
to help disabled people.
“animal helpers”動物助手,一個幫助殘疾人而建立的組織.
thank sb. for…為……而感謝某人.
e.g. thank you for your flowers to me.
set up…引導的是一個省去關系代詞that的定語從句..
e.g. thomas has a lab set up himself.
8. being blind, deaf, unable to walk ,or use your hands easily is something that most people cannot imagine.
此句中 “being…”是動名詞做主語.謂語動詞用單數.
“….that most people cannot imagine”是定語從句, 修飾something.
9…or carrying things have always been difficult for me.
此句中的(that) have always been difficult for me 是一個定語從句,修飾前面的things.
10. then one day last year, a friend of mine said that she would like to help me out.
help out 意為 “使某人脫離困境”可分開使用.
e.g. nobody helped me out when i lost my job.
11. you see, i’m only able to have a “dog-helper” because of your kind donation!
此句中的be able to 意為 “能夠做……的事”,可用can替換,主語為物時一般都使用can, can沒有將來時和完成時,也不能用于其他助動詞后面,所以常用be able to do 來替換.
because of 是介詞短語,表原因,后面接名詞或代詞賓語.because 是連詞,詞后常接從句.

五.語法知識
短語動詞 (verb phrases)
1. 現代英語中，動詞之后加介詞或副詞構成短語，表達一種特定的含義，稱為短語動詞。短語動詞如果被拆開，則不能表達這種特定的含義。同學們在學習過程中，要把這些習慣用法看作一個整體。
如：look 看 
look for 尋找、尋求
look after 照顧、照看
look out 小心、注意
    在這個例子中，我們清楚的看到，look 的后面加上不同的介詞或副詞，意義截然不同。因此，對于短語動詞，我們要善于積累、鞏固。