Unit 3 Countries and Cities

unit 3 countries and cities

【本講教育信息】
一. 教學內容：
第三單元  第一部分
能簡單描述不同國家的人口、地理、語言等情況，并進行比較
 
二. 本周教學重點、難點：
1. 描述國家的人口、地理、語言等。
2. “how + adjective”疑問句，及其回答。
3. 形容詞的比較級。
 
三. 具體內容：
（一）asking about countries, cities, and languages.
1. —what is the capital of france?
    —it’s paris.
2. —what language do they speak in america?
    —they speak english.
3. —where is the eiffel tower?
    —it’s in france.
4. —what is the country famous for?
    —it’s famous for the silk.
e.g. my country is very large. it has many beautiful lakes, rivers and mountains. most people live in the southern part of the country because it is very cold in the north. the capital of my country is ottawa. my country is called canada.
 
（二）questions with “how + adjective”
1. —how long is the nile river?
    —the nile river is about 6,671 km long.
2. —how high is the great pyramid?
    —the great pyramid is 137 meters high.
3. —how far is beijing from shanghai?
    —it’s about 1000km.
4. —how deep is the grand canyon?
    —it’s about …deep.
 
（三）comparative adjectives
    形容詞的原來形式在相比較概念中稱做原級，與之比較，“更……的”稱作比較級，“最……的”稱作最高級。
形容詞變成比較級和最高級的構成規則
1. 一般單音節形容詞和少數雙音節詞變成比較級，最高級，分別在詞尾加er, est.
情況 變法 例詞
一般情況 加er, est tall—taller—tallest
以e結尾時 加r, st large—larger—largest
以“輔音+y”結尾時 變y為i，加er, est happy—happier—happiest
以重讀閉音節結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母時 雙寫最后的輔音字母，再加er,est big—bigger—biggest
thin—thinner—thinnest
對少數的雙音節形容詞，變比較級和最高級時也是如此。
e.g. narrow—narrower—narrowest 
simple—simpler—simplest  
clever—cleverer—cleverest
2. 一般雙音節及多音節的形容詞變比較級和最高級時，都要在前面加more, most.
e.g. useful—more useful—most useful
difficult—more difficult—most difficult
3. 不規則形式。
原級 比較級 最高級
many/much more most
good/well better best
bad worse worst
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
  4. 有一些形容詞沒有比較級。
    e.g. chinese english, afraid aware alive, east west, right left, wooden golden, square round…
  5. 形容詞比較級的用法。