Unit 5 Canada —— “The true North”(Period 1 Warming up and Reading 1)
step4 appositive clause
t. what kind of noun clauses are they?
1. what it was to become was a mystery.(主語從句)
2. i don’t know who will help henry to win the bet.(賓語從句)
3. his trouble is that he doesn’t know anybody in london.
(表語從句)
4. the fact that ships can go there surprises many people.
(同位語從句)
period 4 grammar pionts
同位語從句講義及練習
一、理解同位語從句的含義,把握同位語從句的實質
在主從復合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句一般用that,whether,what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等詞引導,常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion,等抽象名詞后面,說明該名詞的具體內容。換言之,同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內容上為同一關系,對其內容作進一步說明。
例:the news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學校。
析:they had won the game說明the news的全部內容,因此該句為同位語從句。
二、正確運用同位語從句的引導詞,準確把握同位語從句
1.如同位語從句意義完整,應用that引導同位語從句。(即that 不充當任何成分,只起連接作用)
例:the general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.將軍下達了戰(zhàn)士們立即過河的命令。
析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部內容,且意義完整,因此應用that引導同位語從句。
2.如同位語從句意義不完整,需增加\"是否\"的含義,應用whether引導同位語從句。(if不能引導同位語從句)
例:we\'ll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運動會是否會如期舉行的問題。
析:the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整,應加\"是否\"的含義才能表達the problem的全部內容,因此應用whether引導同位語從句。
3.如同位語從句意義不完整,需增加\"什么時候\"、\"什么地點\"、\"什么方式\"等含義,應用when,where,how等詞引導同位語從句。
例1:i have no idea when he will be back.
析:he will be back意義不完整,應加\"什么時候\"的含義才能表達idea的全部內容,因此應用when引導同位語從句。
例2:i have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.
析:he went home意義不完整,應加\"如何\"的含義才能表達impression的全部內容,因此應用how引導同位語從句。
4.當主句的謂語較短,而同位語從句較長時,同位語從句常后肢。
如:the thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想到敵人可能已經逃出城了。
三、把握同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別,明確同位語從句和相似從句的界限
同位語從句和定語從句相似,都放在某一名詞或代詞后面,但同位語從句不同于定語從句。同位語從句對名詞加以補充說明,是名詞全部內容的體現(xiàn),且名詞和同位語從句的引導詞均不在從句中作成分;定語從句說明先行詞的性質與特征,與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關系,且名詞和定語從句的引導詞均在從句中作成分。