Unit 8 虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣
1.虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法現在事實相反的假設
(1)若表示與,則條件從句中用過去式,主句中用過去將來式(would,should,could,might + 動詞原形);
(2)若表示某事將來實現的可能性不大,則條件從句中用should + 動詞原形也可用“were to+動詞原形”或用過去式動詞。如:
i would certainly go if i ___________(have)time.(現在)
if it should rain,we wouldn't go out.(將來)
(3)若表示與過去事實相反的假設,從句中用過去完成式,主句中用過去將來完成式(should,would,could,might + have + 過去分詞)。如:
if i had set off a little earlier, i __________ __________caught the train.
she would / might have come if she __________ been so busy.
if i hadn't ___________(take)your advice,i would have made a bad mistake.
(4)含有虛擬語氣的條件狀語從句中,如有had,should,were 這三個詞的話,在正式或書面語言中可將if省略,再將句子的主語和謂語動詞實行全部倒裝或部分倒裝。如:
___________they time(=if they had time),they would certainly come and help us.
____________it be fine(=if it should be fine),we would go for an outing.
___________i you(=if i were you), i would go.
(4)若主句從句所指的時間不一致,即條件從句表示與過去事實相反,主句表示與現在事實相反;或者條件從句表示與現在事實相反,主句表真實情況,則從句中應采用與具體時間相對應的虛擬形式。如:
if it __________rained last night(過去),it would be very cold today(現在).
if i _____taken your advice(過去),i should have no trouble with the work now(現在).
2.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法
在動詞suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的賓語從句中,用虛擬語氣(即should+動詞原形或只用動詞原形)來表示愿望、建議、命令、請求等。在動詞wish /would rather后的賓語從句中,用過去式表示與現在事實不符,用過去完成式表示與過去事實不符。如:
i suggest that we(should)set off at once.
the doctor insisted that the patient (should)be x-rayed.
i wish i ____________as strong as you.
i would rather that you ____________ told him.(沒有告訴他)
3.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法
在it is necessary/important/strange/natural;it is requested/suggested/desired/proposed;it is a pity等結構后的主語從句中要用虛擬語氣,即should+動詞原形或只用動詞原形。如:
it is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.
it is requested that professor li(___________)give us a speech.
it is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.
4.虛擬語氣在表語從句、同位語從句中的用法。
在 suggestion, proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名詞后的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣,即should+動詞原形或只用動詞原形。如: