2016屆高考英語(yǔ)第一輪虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法專題教案
XX年高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)金子般的學(xué)案語(yǔ)法部分：虛擬語(yǔ)氣（新人教版）
用來(lái)表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議、假設(shè)的語(yǔ)氣叫虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
(一)if主從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
【完成例句】
(1)如果我是你，我會(huì)接受邀請(qǐng)的。
if i were you, i should accept the invitation.
(2)如果我有空，我就去那兒。
if i had time, i would go there.
【結(jié)論1】
條件與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反[ ] 從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be多用were)[ ]
主句謂語(yǔ)用 would / should / could / might＋動(dòng)詞原形
【完成例句】
(3)如果你早點(diǎn)來(lái)，你就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)那輛公共汽車了。
if you had come earlier, you couldn't / wouldn't have missed the bus.
(4)如果他昨天見(jiàn)到了你，他就會(huì)還你的書的。
if he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.
【結(jié)論2】
條件與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 從句謂語(yǔ)用had done
主句謂語(yǔ)用would / should / could / might＋have done
【完成例句】
(5)萬(wàn)一明天下雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)就推遲。(事實(shí)上明天下雨的可能性不大。)
if it should rain / were to rain / rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
(6)萬(wàn)一杯子掉下來(lái)會(huì)打碎的。
if you dropped / should drop / were to drop the glass, it would break.
【結(jié)論3】
條件與將來(lái)
事實(shí)相反 從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be多用were)或should ＋動(dòng)詞原形 / were to do
主句謂語(yǔ)用would / should / could / might＋動(dòng)詞原形
【疑難1】
含蓄虛擬句(即含有without / but for, otherwise / or等詞的句子)
【例句觀察】
human beings would die without water. (＝human beings would die if there were no water. )
i couldn't have succeeded but for your help. (＝i couldn't have succeeded if you hadn't helped me.)
i had no money then. otherwise i would have bought that book.
(＝if i had had money then, i would have bought that book. )
【疑難剖析1】含有without / but for，otherwise / or等詞的句子謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)等同于if主從句中主句的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反 would / should / could / might＋動(dòng)詞原形
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 would / should / could / might＋have done
【疑難2】
含有had，should，were這三個(gè)詞的虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句
had they had time(＝if they had had time)， they would have certainly come to help us.
should it be fine(＝if it should be fine)，we would go for an outing.
were i you(＝if i were you), i would go.
【疑難剖析2】含有had，should，were這三個(gè)詞的虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句，在正式或書面語(yǔ)言中可將if省略，把had，should，were 提前放到句首，變?yōu)椴糠值寡b。