語法系列復習專題——虛擬語氣、倒裝句型
虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣是通過特殊的謂語動詞形式來表達的愿望、假設、懷疑、猜測或建議等語氣,它不表示客觀存在。
一、 虛擬語氣在單句中的用法
常用來表示祝愿、采用固定的倒裝句式。例如:
long live the peoples republic of china!中華人民共和國萬歲!
be happy! 快樂!
have a good time! 玩得愉快!
succeed! 成功!
make progress! 進步!
二、虛擬語氣在復合句中的用法:
1. 在非真實性條件句與主句中的用法
1) 表示與現在事實相反
條件從句 主句
一般過去時(be多用于were) would/should/could/might+動詞原形
例如:if i were you,i should accept the invitation.
如果我是你,我會接受邀請的。
if i had time,i would go there.
如果我有空,我就去那兒。
2) 與過去事實相反
條件從句 主句
過去完成時 would/should/could/might+have done
例如:if you had come earlier,you couldnt/wouldnt have missed the bus.
如果你早點來,你就不會錯過那輛公共汽車了。
if he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.
如果他昨天見到了你,他就會還你的書的。
3) 與將來事實可能相反
條件從句 主句
一般過去時(be多用were)
should do,were to do would/should/could/might+動詞原形
例如:if it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be
put off.萬一明天下雨,運動會就推遲。(事實上明天下雨的可能性不大。)
if you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.
萬一杯子掉下來會打碎的。
4) if的省略
如果條件句中有were,had,should 等助動詞,可將if省略,而把were,had或should