語法復習七：倒裝句
英語最基本的語序是主語在前，謂語動詞在后。但有時由于句子結構的需要或表示強調，就要采用倒裝形式。將謂語動詞完全移到主語之前稱為完全倒裝，只將助動詞或情態動詞放到主語之前稱為部分倒裝。強調性倒裝和以so, neither, nor開頭的句子是高考例題的熱點。
（一）倒裝句的意義
1、適應一定的語法結構的需要，主要是指疑問句句型結構的需要。
e.g. may i come in?
was the people’s liberation army founded in 1927?
2、為了強調某一部分，而把這部分放到句首，構成倒裝。
e.g. never have i been late for school this term.
so early did he come to school that no other students came.
（二）倒裝的使用情況
1、在 “there be” 結構里，there是引導詞，主語在be后。
e.g. there is a box on the table.
2、在疑問句中。
e.g. is she singing in the classroom?
what does your mother do?
3、在here, there等副詞開頭的某些句子里（要用一般現在時態）。如果主語是人稱代詞，主語和主要動詞的詞序不變。（完全倒裝）
e.g. there goes the bell.
here is an apple for you.
there she comes.
4、重復倒裝句型，用在以so, nor, neither開頭，表示謂語所述的情況也適用于另一個人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一樣”、“也這樣”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同樣也不，也不這樣”。
e.g. i am watching tv. so is she.
my parents didn’t watch tv last night. neither (nor) did i.
5、直接引語的全部或一部分放在句首時，主句中的主謂也常直接倒裝。（完全倒裝）
e.g. “very well,” said the french student.
“bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said he.
6、在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副詞開頭的句子中，采用部分倒裝。如不放在句首就不要倒裝。
e.g. little did he say at the meeting.
never shall i forget the day when i joined the army.
比較：i shall never forget the day when i joined the army.
7、用于以only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句的句子中。
e.g. only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk.
only in this way can we learn english well.
注意：如果only后的詞組不是狀語，不需倒裝。
e.g. only wang lili knows this.
8、為了表達生動，有時把表地點、方位的副詞，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同時把謂語動詞放在主語之前。若主語為人稱代詞，主語和謂語動詞的位置不變，只將副詞放在句首。（完全倒裝）
e.g. away hurried the boy.
out rushed the girl.
9、在虛擬結構中，條件從句的謂語含有were, had 和should這三個詞是，可省去if，將這些詞移至主語之前。
e.g. had i time (= if i had time), i would go and help you.