2022屆高考英語重點石成詞匯及語法解析（通用4篇）
2022屆高考英語重點石成詞匯及語法解析 篇1
人教新課標必修五unit2重點詞匯解析
unit 2 words and expressions
1.debate about /on/upon sh爭論某事
debate sth with sb 與某人爭某事
eg.i debated the idea in my mind until i fell asleep.
我入睡前一直在思考這個問題。
they were debating whether to go to the mountain or to the seaside.
他們正在爭論是去山上還是去海邊。
after a long debate the bill was passed in congress.
經過長時間的辯論后，議案在國會通過了。
2.in addition to sth/doing sth=as well as, besides另外
additions are made to the list from time to time.
清單的內容不斷擴充。
in addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.
課程除了介紹一般電腦知識外，還提供實際操作的機會。
3.lie-lay-lain-lying 躺，臥，位于
lay-laid-laid-laying 放置，下蛋
lie-lied-lied-lying 撒謊
figure 體形，身體；數字；圖形；人像，雕像
figure out 計算出；想明白
have/keep a good figure 擁有/保持好身材
be poor/good at figures 擅長/不擅長計算
4.get into (out of ) a difficult situation
5.run across /run into 偶遇，撞上
run away走掉
run away from逃避
run out用光
run out of 用光
in the long run從長遠看
be on the run 忙碌
6.close get close to 接近 sit close to 坐在旁邊
watch sb closely 密切觀察某人
be deeply moved 深受感動
deep into the night 到深夜
be highly praised 受到高度贊揚
fly high 飛得高
be widely used 被廣泛使用
with his eyes wide open 眼睛睜得很大
7.equip …with sth 用某物裝備
8.take measures to do 采取措施做
take steps to do 采取步驟（措施）做
take action 采取行動
9.be concerned with 與...有關
be concerned about /over 關心，掛念
as/so far as …be concerned 就。。。而言
concerning=about
10.rely on/upon =depend on/upon 依賴，依靠
11.result in 導致
result from 因為
as a result(of) 因為...
12.lead to 通向；導致 =result in
eg: all roads lead to rome. 條條大路通羅馬。
eg: success lies in hard work while laziness can lead to failure.
成功在于努力，懶惰導致失敗。
the discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught.
新證據的發現使小偷被抓住了。
13.hunt for a job 找工作
14.under way 在進行中
under attack 受到攻擊
under control 在控制之下
under discussion 在討論中
under repair 在修理中
under examination 在檢查中
under construction 在建設中
under arrest 被逮捕
15.assess
eg: my lawyer assessed the value of my company at ￡700,000.
我的律師估計我的公司價值70萬英鎊。
16.remain
we are remaining at home.
我們留在家里
peter became a judge but john remained a fisherman.
彼得當了法官，但約翰仍然是個漁民。
he's determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way.
他決心不管發生什么事都忠于球隊。
the death of the innkeeper still remains a mystery.
客棧老板之死仍然是個謎。
it remains to be seen
還要看情況發展
17.within the reach of sb 在某人手夠到的地方
out of one’s reach =beyond the reach of sb 某人手夠不到的地方
reach for 伸手去拿
reach to 延伸到
eg: the farmland reaches to the river. 農場延伸到河邊。
18.consider…as/regard…as/think of…as/look on…as/have…as 認為...是...
19.an access to ...的入口
an introduction to...的入門介紹
an answer to...的答案
a key to...的答案/關鍵/鑰匙
an entrance to a building 一座建筑的入口
an exit from
a solution to …
20.turn on/off the lights 開/關燈
turn into eg: turn waste land into rich fields 把荒地變成沃野
turn to sb for help/turn to the dictionary 向某人求助/查字典
turn down the radio/his invitation 關低收音機/拒絕他的邀請
turn up the radio 開響收音機
turn in 上繳；把...交給警方
turn over 考慮；翻過來；移交
21.open the floor for discussion 開始討論
22.have a lasting effect on… 對...有持久影響
23.hide from their responsibilities 逃避責任
24.cut back on/cut down production 減少產量
25do harm to /be harmful to 對...有害
26.make a final decision 做最后的決定
27.what if we run out of space? 如果我們沒有空間怎么辦？
28.a new, environmentally friendly hotel 一個新的環保旅館
29.write in 寫信表示意見
30.on taking off his jacket, a sleeping tortoise was found on his stomach.
他一脫下夾克，人們就看到他的肚子上趴著一只睡著的烏龜。
31.impress sb with sth/impress sth on sb 給...留下印象
32.line up 排隊
be lined with trees 長者一排排的樹
33.provide sth for sb/provide sb with sth 給...提供...
34.at a national or international level 以國家或國際水平
35.in the form of 以...的形式
36.pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification
選出可能受到沙漠化影響的地區
37.from my point of view 依我看
38.on account of /due to /as a result of /thanks to/because of 因為
39.depend on the yangtze river for survival 依靠長江賴以生存
40.leave out 排除在外，忽略掉
eg: leave me out of this quarrel, i don’t want to get involved.
不要讓我參與吵架，我不想卷入。
2022屆高考英語重點石成詞匯及語法解析 篇2
人教新課標必修五unit5重難點解析
一、重點單詞
1. treatment ①不可數名詞 “ 對待, 待遇,處理; 治療
the workers received good treatment from the government.
工人們受到政府優厚的待遇.
②可數名詞 “ 療法”
they are trying a new treatment for cancer.
知識拓展
be under treatment 在治療中
be under one’s treatment 接受某人的治療
for treatment 進行治療
treatment for + 疾病的名詞 治…病的方法
2. sense
sense of touch 觸覺 sense of sight 視覺
sense of hearing 聽覺 sense of taste 味覺
sense of smell 嗅覺 sense of humor 幽默感
sense of beauty 美感 sense of direction 方向感
sense of honor 榮譽感 sense of values 價值觀
sense of justice 正義感 sense of hunger 饑餓感
sense of responsibility 責任感
the sixth sense 第六感 make sense 有道理;講得通
2.present n.禮物 ,目前 adj.在場，出席，當前的
v.頒發，授予，贈給
present sth. to sb. 授予/贈給某人某物
present sb. with sth 授予/贈給某人某物
at present 目前;現在
for the present 暫時;暫且
be present at 出席;到場
3.dress v.敷裹，包扎
e.g. immediately after his wound was dressed, he went to work.
知識拓展
dress sb. /oneself 給…穿衣服
be dressed in 穿著….. (顏色)
dress up (as) 盛裝打扮 ( 成….. )
1. tom had to return to the camp to_____ his injuries.
2. _______white/a white coat, mary went to the party.
3. we _________to take part in the party.
key: 1 dress 2. dressed in 3. dressed up
4. swell v. 膨脹，隆起
her leg has swollen badly.
她的腿腫得很厲害。
the wind swelled the sails.
風鼓起了帆。
二、重點短語
1、first aid “急救”
知識拓展
give/offer aid 援助 come to sb.'s aid 幫助某人
cut off aid （突然）終止援助 a hearing aid 助聽器
teaching aids 教具 medical aid 醫療救護
with the aid of 借助于
2、get injured 受傷
get done結構相當于be done強調狀態。
the computer got (was) damaged when we were moving. 我們搬家的時候，電腦碰壞了。
my bike is getting (is being) repaired now. 我的自行車正在修理。
my glasses got broken while i was playing basket-ball. 我的眼鏡在打籃球時給弄壞了。
—where have you been these days？
—my leg____in an accident, and i just return home from hospital.
a gets injured b is injured
c got injured d injured
key: c
3、protect sb./sth. against/from sth. 保護…..免受…..
he is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他帶著太陽鏡以擋強烈的陽光。
知識拓展
keep... from doing 阻止….做某事
prevent/stop... (from) doing 妨礙/阻止…做某事
在be prevented/stopped from doing 結構中,介詞from 能省略嗎?
不能 如:we are prevented/stopped from going there.
4、depend on/upon依靠,依賴,相信，取決于
depend on/upon +wh-從句 視….而定,取決于
depend on/ upon+ n 依靠,依賴,相信
depend on/upon+sb.+to do 指望某人做……
depend on/upon +it +that…. 指望…..
that (all) depends. / it all depends. (口語)視情況而定，單獨使用或置于句首。
translate the following sentences into english.
①、你不能永遠依賴你的父母
②、你不能指望他能按時來。
③、你可相信他會來。
④、我能幫你，但那要看情況而定。
⑤、這要取決于你是否到這兒。
key: ① you can’t depend on your parents forever.
②you can’t depend on him to come on time.
③ you may depend on it that he will come.
④ i may help you. but that/ it depends.
⑤ it depends on /upon whether you come here or not.
5.squeeze out 榨出,擠出
they have been squeezed out of the job market by young people.
他們被年輕人擠出了就業市場。
知識拓展
squeeze money from sb 向某人勒索錢財
squeeze money out of sb ;, 向某人勒索錢財
the young man often squeezes money from/out of the pupil.
那個年輕人經常向那個小學生勒索錢財。
6. over and over again
over and over again = again and again, 一再,再三,許多次
i’ve told you over and over again not to do that.
我再三告誡你不要那樣做。
7.in place 放在適當的地方
you’d better put things back in place. otherwise, it will be difficult to find things. 你最好把你的東西各就各位，不然很難找。
知識拓展
in place 在適當的位置,適當
out of place 不在適當的位置，不適當
in place of 代替
take the place of 代替
8. put one’s hand(s) on
常用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中，意為“找到，得到”。
eg, i’m afraid i can’t put my hand(s) on the book you want.
恐怕我一時找不到你想要的那本書。
9. make a (some/no/any/not much/a great deal of) difference
有(一些/沒有/任何/不太大的/很大的) 差別
tell the difference between 辨別兩者的差別
it makes no difference/doesn‘t make any difference to me whether you come here or not.
對我來說,你來不來都無所謂。
三、重點句型
1. take clothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to the burn.
unless 作從屬連詞，引導條件狀語從句，作“除非…..否則”講，相當于if…not 。
注意①在unless引導的從句里，謂語用一般現在時，不用一般將來時。
②在引導的從句里，當主語與從句主語是同一人或物，且有系動詞時，從句主語與系動詞可省略。
e.g. i will not attend the meeting unless (i am) invited.
i won’t call you, ________ something unexpected happens.
a. unless b. whether c. because d. while
key: a
2. john was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
此句型中when作并列連詞相當于and then意為”正當……時突然”,常用于以下句型：
知識拓展
be doing …when… 正在做……突然
be about to do …when… 即將做……突然
be on the point to do…when…正要去做…..突然
has/have/had done…when… 剛剛……這時 (突然)
3. there is no doubt that john's quick thinking and the first aid skills that he learned at school saved ms slade's life.
doubt 名詞，意思是“懷疑”、“疑惑”、“疑問”。如：
i have no doubt at all who did it.
知識拓展:
there is no doubt that…/about sth. 毫無疑問……(肯定句）主語+doubt whether/ is…（否定句）主語+not doubt that 從句
i don’t doubt that his words are true.
there is some doubt whether john will come.
4. it was john’s quick action and knowledge of the first aid that saved her life.
本句為強調句型結構,符合it is/was…that... 結構。
強調句型it is/was…that/who 的用法歸納如下：
強調句型可以強調除謂語動詞以外的任何句子成份。一般來說，如果被強調部分是人時，用連詞that或who；如果被強調部分是物，只能用連詞that。 強調句型應避免使用when, where, which 等連詞。
含一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的強調句句型:
① 含一般疑問句的強調句型，其結構為：is it+被強調部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？
② 特殊疑問句的強調句型結構形式為：特殊疑問詞+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？
四、 疑難辨析
1、wound, injure, harm 與 hurt:
wound 一般指外傷，如槍傷，刀傷等，尤指在戰場上受傷；也可指在感情上榮譽方面的創傷。
injure 常指因意外或事故而造成的損傷，還可表示在感情上，榮譽上的傷害，可用于人或物。
harm 指損害有生命的或無生命的東西；也可指肉體上或精神上的損害。
hurt 指任何肉體或精神上的傷害。尤其指打傷，刺傷；還可表示“疼痛”。
2、damage, destroy 和ruin
damage “損壞”, 意味著損壞后的價值或效率降低,一般是部分性的。
destroy 指十分徹底地“ 破壞”， 含有不能或很難修復的意思。
ruin 指某物被損害到不能再修復，不能再使用的程度。
2022屆高考英語重點石成詞匯及語法解析 篇3
人教新課標必修五unit4重點詞匯詳解
1.eager(keen, anxious) adj. 熱切的；渴望的(after, about, for)
the boy was eager for success. 男孩子急于獲得成功。
he is eager for his parents to meet his girlfriends. 他盼望他的父母去見他的女朋友。
the saleswoman in the shop is always eager to please everybody.
"商店里的那個女售貨員總是十分殷勤,希望使人人滿意。"
【習慣用語】
be eager for 渴望, 渴求, 爭取
be eager about 渴望, 渴求, 爭取
be eager after 渴望, 渴求, 爭取
be eager to do 急欲, 渴望做
【參考詞匯】
eager /keen /anxious 意思都含“渴望的”。
eager指“以巨大的熱情渴望實現愿望或達到目的的”, 有時也指“由于其他感情影響而表現急不可耐的”, 如:
he was eager to see her. 他渴望見到她。
keen 指“對某人、某物懷有極大興趣或熱情的”, 如: they were keen to win. 他們急于取勝。
anxious 指“熱切地希望實現愿望,并因顧慮愿望落空而心情不安,感到焦慮的”, 如: l'm anxious to know the final result. 我急于想知道最后的結果。
eagerly adv. eagerness n.
2.work/task/ duty/job/responsibility
【參考詞匯】
work 常指正式職業和職位的經常性、一般性工作，不含有“艱巨”、“沉重”等意思。是不可數名詞。at work在工作
work hard at努力工作（或學習）；out of work失業。my work is as a doctor.我當醫生（職業）。
task 一般指必須完成的“任務”, 是可數名詞。如: mother set me the task of sweeping the floor.母親把掃地的任務 交給了我。task 往往含有“艱巨”、“沉重”等意思。而work 除另有修飾語外不含此種意思。
duty指“道義上的責任”, 較強調“自覺性”, 如: every citizen has the duty to construct his country. 每個公民都有建設祖國的責任。
job指“活、事、一份工作”時是可數名詞,多指為換取報酬而進行的日常活動，尤指作為某人的手藝、行業或職業的工作。可數。washing the windows is not my job. 洗窗子不是我的事兒（任務）。習慣表達: a good job一件好事lose one's job失業be out of a job失業 do a good job干的不錯
it was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours aday.修理自行車就是他的話，而且常常是一天要干14個小時。
responsibility 指“由于法律、職業或道德等的要求而應盡的責任”, 含有“法津上對后果負責任”的意味, 如:
the resposibility rests on us. 這由我們負責。do not forget your duty to your parents. 不要忘記對父母應盡的責任。
3.course n. 過程；經過；進程
in the course of discussion 在討論期間
道路；路線；方向 the ship was blown off course. 那船被吹離航線。
【習慣用語】
in course of 在...的過程中
in due course 在適當的時候；不久以后
in the courts of在...期間
during the course of 在...期間
4.meanwhile adv. 此時 同時
they'll be here soon. meanwhile we'll have some coffee. 他們即刻就到，我們現在先喝點咖啡。
meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been.
與此同時,我的舌頭忙于尋找被拔牙齒的傷口。
meanwhile, two other actors had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees.
與此同時,另外兩位演員把兩個盛著食物的大籃子拿到樹下蔭涼的地方。
jane was writing a letter and meanwhile pat was watching t.v.. 簡在寫信，而在此同時帕特在看電視。
5.case n.事；事例
this is a case of stupidity, not dishonesty. 這只是個愚蠢的例子,并非不誠實。
情形；場合；狀況 'well, in that case, i would prefer to stay on the bus,' i answered. `唉,那樣的話,我寧愿留在車上啦,'我回答說。
a case of poverty 窮苦的情形
病癥；病例 this is a case of fever. 這是一發燒的病例。
案件；訴訟 a difficult case to prove 一個很難辦的案子
in this case i'm acting for my friend mr smith. 我在這次訴訟中代表我的朋友史密斯的利益。
the case against mr. white is said to be heard tomorrow. 據說懷特先生被起訴一案定于明天開庭。
the case was settled out of court. 這案件在庭外解決。
事實；實情 the police have a clear case against the prisoner. 警察有充足的事實對付那個囚犯。
is that the case? no, that's not the case. 事實是那樣嗎?不,事實并非如此。
【習慣用語】
in case假使,以防(引導虛擬語氣)
take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太陽很利害，你就把帽子戴上。
in case of假如；如果；萬一 in case of rain they can't go. 萬一下雨，他們就不能去了。
in any case無論如何,不管怎樣
in no case 決不；無論如何不
in that case 如果是那樣的話
in this case 假如這樣的話
in the case of 就...來說, 關于
6.accuse vt. accused, accusing 控告；指控
the police accused him of murder. 警方指控他謀殺。 the police accused him of stealing. 警方控告他犯有盜竊罪。
mary was accused as an accomplice. 瑪麗被指控為同謀犯。
■accuse/charge
兩個動詞都有“控訴，指控”之意，但它們后面所搭配的介詞不同。
accuse v.指控，控訴，與介詞of連用。the police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盜竊罪。
charge v.可以指因為小錯而受的責備，也指因違法而受到控告，與介詞with連用。
the police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了謀殺罪。
【常用搭配】in charge of 主管,看管 in(under)the charge of 在……的掌管下
charge sb.with 指控某人………
charge(sb.)…(money)for sth. 要價,要(某人)付….(錢)買某物
take charge 開始管理,接管
7.deny vt. denied, denying 否認；否定；拒絕相信
he said that i had stolen his bicycle, but i denied it. 他說我偷了他的自行車，可是我否認了。
背棄；摒棄 he denied his country. 他背棄了自己的國家。
拒絕；不給；不予；不允許 he denies his wife nothing. 他對他的妻子有求必應。
【習慣用語】
deny oneself 自制；克己；舍棄
●deny /decline /refuse /reject 都含“拒絕”的意思。
▲deny指“堅定地否認某事為真實的”,如: he denied the charge. 他否認了控告。
deny doing(否認做過某事)；deny sb. sth(拒絕給某人某物)。deny+that從句
▲decline 指“較正式地、有禮貌地謝絕”,如: he declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我們請他吃飯的邀請。主要用于拒絕有關社交活動的邀請或要求幫助的請求，后接名詞或動詞不定式，主語只能是人。i invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀請她和我們在一起，可是她婉言謝絕了。
▲refuse 系普通用語,指“堅決、果斷或坦率地(不友善地)拒絕”, 如: he refused to take the money. 他拒絕接受此款。
▲reject指“以否定、敵對的態度而當面拒絕”(指通過拋棄或送走、專橫地拒絕), 主語可以是人或物，后接名詞，不能接動詞不定式。如: they rejected damaged goods. 他們拒收損壞的貨物。he asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次約她去看電影，但每一次都被拒絕。
8.defend vt. 保衛；防護；防守
she had to defend herself against the guard dog. 她不得不防備看門狗咬她。
辯護；辯解 ；守衛；防御
he's better at defending than attacking. 他的防守優于進攻。 the accused man had a lawyer to defend him. 被告有一律師為他辯護。
【習慣用語】 defend against 保衛; 抵抗 defend from 保護, 保衛(使不受傷害)
【參考詞匯】 defend /guard /protect /preserve 都含“保護”、“使安全”的意思。
defend指“保衛”、“防御”, 應用范圍很廣, 對象可以是具體的, 也可以是抽象的, 用于defend sb. against / from harm結構。如: defend oneself against enemy 防御敵人。
guard 指“注意觀察、戒備, 以免受可能的攻擊或傷害”, 如: guard a coastline 守衛海岸線。
protect 指“保護...以免遭受危險或傷害等”, 常用protect sb. from sth./against sth.的結構。如: protect the children from harm 保護兒童免受傷害。
preserve 指“防護、保存...免被分解或腐爛”, 如: salt preserves food from decay. 鹽能防止食物腐爛。
secure指確保不會發生意外等如secure oneself against/from danger使自己免于危險。
by strengthening the river banks, the city secured itself against flood. 由于加強了河堤, 該城可確保免受水災。
9.normal adj. 正常的；常態的；一般的
the normal price of a ticket if $230! 一張票的正常價格是230英鎊。
above [below] normal 標準以上[下] return to normal 恢復正常
the rain raised the river two meters above normal. 雨水使得這條河水位超出標準兩米。
智力正常的；身心健全的 a normal child
【參考詞匯】
■normal /ordinary /regular 都含“正常的”、“正規的” 、“普通的”的意思。
normal指“正常的”、“正規的”、“常態的”, 如: the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常體溫。
ordinary強調“平常的”、“平淡無奇的”， 常指人或事物不特殊。 如：his ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不過是面包和牛奶。an ordinary day's work 日常工作。
regular 指“有規律的”、“正規的”、“定期的”, 如: he kept regular hours. 他過著有規律的生活。
common強調“常見的”、“ 不足為奇的”， 如：colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常見。common knowledge/sense 常識
general意為“普遍的”、“一般的”， 如：this book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 這本書是為一般讀者寫的， 不是為專家寫的。
10.注意幾個表否定的副詞
▲seldom adv. 不常，很少
the children are seldom ill. 這些孩子很少生病。opportunity seldom knocks twice.機不可失，時不再來。
▲barely adv. 貧乏地;剛剛
they had barely time to catch the plane. 他們差點沒來得及趕上飛機。
the committee had barely entered into the matter when he felt dizzy. 委員會剛開始討論此事,他就感到頭暈了。
he had barely enough money to buy food. 他僅有剛夠買食物的錢。
▲hardly adv. 幾乎不；簡直不
this is hardly the time to discuss such matters. 在現在討論這事根本不合適。
it was so dark that i could hardly see. 天那么黑，我簡直看不見了。
i can hardly ask him directly for more money. 我絕不能直接向他多要錢。
he hardly ever eats meat. 他從來不吃肉。 peter is hardly ever late. 瑪麗幾乎從不遲到。
【習慣用語】 hardly any 幾乎沒有 hardly ever 很少
▲scarcely adv. 不足地，不充分地， 幾乎沒有
there is scarcely enough food. 幾乎沒有足夠的食物。
there was scarcely anything mentioned about that contract. 關于那份合同幾乎什么也沒提到。
…scarcely ….when/before…剛…一...就... (=…hardly…when…= …no sooner…than….)
▲narrowly adv. 僅僅；勉強； 恰好
one car narrowly missed hitting the other one. 一輛車差點兒和另一輛相撞。
the boy narrowly escaped being drowned. 那個男孩差一點被淹死。
▲nearly adv. 幾乎，差不多
the job's nearly finished. 這工作差不多完成了。 she nearly died. 她差點兒死了。
nearly everybody enters for 'the nicest garden competition' each year, but joe wins every time.
幾乎每個人都參加一年一度'最佳花園賽',但喬每次都奪魁。
i looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when i saw a policeman. 我朝下一望看到一個警察時,差上點從梯子上掉下來
▲rarely adv. 難得，很少
she is old and rarely goes out. 她年紀大了，很少外出。
he rarely comes here anymore. 現在他難得來這兒。
big ben has rarely gone wrong. `大本鐘'很少出差錯。
peter is rarely / seldom late. 彼得不常遲到。;彼得很少遲到。
11.accurate adj. 準確的；精確的 accurately adv. accurateness n.
an accurate answer 準確的答案
is this watch accurate? 這只表準嗎?
【參考詞匯】
accurate /correct /exact 均含“正確的”意思。
accurate 表示“準確的”,精確的”,指“通過努力, 使事情達到正確”, 指某人或某事不僅不出錯，而且與事實無出入，強調準確性 如: she gave an accurate account of the accident. 她對事故做了準確的描述。
correct 為一般用語, 指“正確的”, 指某人或某事合乎事實或公認的標準或規則，沒有錯誤
如: he gave correct answers to the questions. 他對這些問題提出了正確的答案。 correct vt. 改正；糾正 please correct this mistake. 請改正這個錯誤。
exact 表示“確切的”,“精確無誤的”,指“與事實完全相符”, 語氣較accurate強,指某人或某事數量或質量完全符合事實或標準,而且在細致末節上也絲毫不差。如: his answer is quite exact. 他的回答完全正確。
the exact date of the event has escaped me. 我記不起這起事件的確切日期了。
proper含有生來就具備適宜性質的含義，還表示某物具有它應當具備的性質。如：do sth. the proper way
以適當的方式做某事
appropriate“正確的；適當的”，指適合于特殊的人及場合，地位等。強調自然具備適宜的性質。如： an appropriate example 適當的例子
fit意為某人或某物在目的上用途上適合。如：your clothes fit well. 你的衣服很合身。
the trousers don't fit him, they are too small. 這條褲子他穿不合身，太小了。
this coat's a beautiful fit to you. 這件外衣對你非常合身。he runs to keep fit. 他跑步為了保持健康。
suitable意味著適合某種情況。如：this toy is not suitable for young children. 這個玩具不適合小小孩玩。
this wine is not suitable to my taste. 這酒不合我的胃口。
12.approve vt., vi. approved—approving 批準；認可；通過 [反意詞disapprove]
approve 屬常用詞, 表示“官方或正式批準”, 用于上級對下級, 長輩對晚輩, 如: my father approved my going to the border regions. 我父親同意我去邊區。
my parents don't approve of me smoking cigarettes. 我的父母不準許我吸煙。
the resolution was approved 82 to 16 with 18 abstentions. 決議以八十二票對十六票通過,十八票棄權。
the mayoress approved the new building plans. 女市長批準了新建筑計劃。
（常與of連用）贊成，贊同 i don't approve of wasting time. 我不贊成浪費時間。
i don't approve of smoking. 我不贊成抽煙。
her father will never approve of her marriage to you. 他父親永遠不會同意她和你結婚。
13.process n. （大自然的）作用，活動 the process of breathing 呼吸作用
步驟 the process of learning to read
學習閱讀的步驟 the firm is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a new place. 公司目前正在把主要設備遷到新地址去。
過程 the process of digestion
vt. 加工（食品等）;沖洗 one has to process a photographic film to print pictures from it. 必須先處理照相底片才能沖印出相片。
〈計〉處理 ;小心準備；仔細檢查
the plans are now being processed. 計劃現正在審查。
14.intention n. 計劃；目的
i began reading with the intention of finishing the book, but i never did. 我開始讀這本書時想讀完它，可是我從來就沒把它讀完。
he has no intention of marrying yet. 他還沒有要結婚的打算。
what is your intention? 你的意圖究竟是什么?
【習慣用語】
by intention 故意
have no intention of doing ... 無意做... the intention of a clause 條款的意旨
with the intention of 抱有...目的, 打算
with the best of intentions 好心好意, 出于一片好心
without intention 無意中, 不是故意地.如：if i've hurt your feelings, it was quite without intention. 如果我傷了你的感情那完全是無意的。
15.ahead of adv., adj. 在前；向前；提前
walk straight ahead until you reach the river. 一直朝前走到河邊。
the road ahead was full of cattle. 前面的路上擠滿了牛群。
owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of time. 由于我們的共同努力，任務提前完成了。
【習慣用語】
be ahead [美口]占優勢, 可望取勝; 贏錢, 賺錢
ahead of 在...前頭; 早于; 超過。如：ahead of time [schedule] 提前
go ahead! 前進, 有進展; 繼續干下去
16.employ vt. employed—employing 雇用；使用
the firm employs about 100 men. 這家公司大約雇了100人。
this motor plant is employing three thousand workers. 這家汽車工廠雇用著三千員工。
the firm employs the retired professor as an adviser. 這家公司聘這們退休的教授擔任顧問。
she employs her time wisely. 她善于利用時間。
【習慣用語】
in the employ of 被…雇用。如：i have been for over five years in the employ of an exporting company. 本人曾經前后五年被受雇于出口貿易公司。
in sb.'s employ 受...雇用。如：the company should aid those in its employ in everything..
out of employ 失業。如：because of the typhoon “saomai (桑美)”, many of the workers are out of employ.
employ oneself in 從事于, 時間花在... he employed himself (in) teaching english. 他從事英語教學工作。
employ oneself on 從事于, 時間花在...
employ oneself doing 從事于, 時間花在...
employ... as 把...用作。如：he employed the girl as a typist.他雇用那位小姐當打字員。
employ english as a common language.把英語當作共同語言使用。
▲hire /employ/rent
hire解作“雇用”時與employ同義，但用法稍有不同。hire是一般用法，指普通的雇用，可用于人或物，如：hire a servant、hire whe hire a taxi downtown. 我們乘計程汽車入市區。
employ是較正式的用語，一般指大公司聘用職員，如 employ a teacher、employ a clerk、employ a manager等。
rent只可用于物件（尤其建筑物類），如：
the holiday-makers rented a jeep for their journey. 那些度假人士租用一輛吉普車去旅行。
unable to afford a flat，the newly－weds have to rent a room. 那對新婚夫婦因買不起一套房子而只好租住一個房間。
17.cover vt. （常與with連用）蓋；覆蓋
she covered the table with a cloth. 她用一塊布把桌子罩起來。 be covered with snow all the year round 終年積雪
占（時間或空間） the town covers 5 square miles. 小鎮占地5平方英里。
行過（路程）；通過 i want to cover 100 miles by dark. 我想在天黑之前走完100英里。
報導；對…進行新聞采訪 cover a fire for a newspaper 為報紙采訪失火的新聞
包括；包含；論及 the review covered everything we learned last term. 這次復習包括上學期我們所學的全部課程。his studies covered a wide field. 他的知識淵博。
【習慣用語】
be covered with 蓋滿，覆滿 充滿（羞慚，慌亂等），不勝...
from cover to cover 從頭到尾一頁不漏
under the cover of 在...掩 護下; 打著...的幌子
cover up 完全蓋住， 蓋好
cover n. 遮蓋物 蓋子；罩子 （圖書、雜志的）封面
the book had a blue cover. 這本書有一個藍色的封面。
2022屆高考英語重點石成詞匯及語法解析 篇4
人教新課標必修五unit1重難點解析
一、重點單詞用法精解
1. characteristic n. 特征，特性
the chief characteristic of human being is that they can think. 人類主要的特征是他們會思考。
2. expose vt. 暴露，揭發，曝光（攝影）
don’t expose the baby to the burning sun. 切勿將小孩曝曬。
注：expose sb/sth to…中的to為介詞。
3. defeat vt. & n. 擊敗；戰勝；
the army defeated the enemy in the end. 軍隊最終戰勝了敵軍。
tom suffered the defeat in the english examination. 湯姆英語考試失敗了。
辨析：win的賓語是game, prize等物（不是人）；beat和defeat的賓語是人；hit“打一下”； beat“（連續地）打”；strike “重擊”。
4. cure vt. & n. 治愈，治療法
there is no known cure for aids. 還無治療艾滋病之法。
it is possible to cure the sickness. 治愈這種疾病還是可能的。
辨析：cure“治愈”，強調結果；treat“治療”，強調動作過程；說cure sb of sth. 但說treat sb for sth.
5. blame vt. 責備，歸咎
the teacher blamed me for my being late for school again. 老師因我又遲到批評了我。
注：blame sb for sth=blame sth on sb.
6. backward adj. & adv. 向后
we turn backward(s) then rightward(s). 我們向后轉然后向右轉。
搭配：a backward turn 向后轉
7. conclude vt. & vi. 結束，總結
the teacher concluded the class by one sentence. 老師以一句話總結了這節課。
二、重要詞組句型例析
1.in addition 此外
in addition, the speaker gave us more information about the topic. 另外，這個演講者就主題給了我一些信息。
注：in addition to(=besides)是短語介詞，后接名詞、代詞和動名詞。
i visited many places in addition to the great wall. 我參觀了許多地方，除了長城以外。
2. apart from除……以外(except for)；除……外，還有(besides)
apart from being short, tom is smart. 除了個子矮了點，tom還是挺帥氣的。
apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time. 除了花費錢以外，它還需要不少時間。
3. be strict with sb. 對某人嚴格
father is always strict with his sons. 父親對子女經常要求嚴格。
比較：be strict in sth. 對某事物要求嚴格
teachers are strict in students’ homework. 老師對學生的作業要求嚴格。
4. lead to 導致，通向（to為介詞）
hard work leads to success. 努力通向成功。
all roads lead to rome. 條條道路通羅馬。
5.link…to… 將……和……連接起來
can you link the clues to the criminals? 你能把線索和罪犯聯系起來嗎？
6. keep sb /sth +doing /done /adj. 讓某人或事物做……
i’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 對不起，讓你久等了。
you must keep your jewels locked up. 你得把珠寶飾物鎖好。
keep the classroom clean. 要保持教室清潔。(adj.作賓補)
注：用doing強調與sb/sth是主動關系且與謂語動詞是同時或一直進行的；用done強調與sb/sth是被動關系且業已完成；用adj.強調sb/sth的狀態。
三、課文長句難句剖析
1. in addition, he found two other deaths in another part of london that were linked to the broad street outbreak.
剖析：句中的that引導一個定語從句，修飾先行詞two other deaths；先行詞與定語從句之間被介詞短語in another part of london所分隔。
譯文：除此之外，他發現在倫敦的另一個地方有兩個與the broad street爆發的霍亂有關的死亡病例。
2. to prevent this from happening again, john snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.
剖析：to prevent為表示目的的不定式短語；prevent…(from) doing sth 意為“阻止……做某事”，其中prevent可與stop, keep互換；suggest表示“建議”的，其賓語從句的謂語用“should +動詞原形”，句中的should被省略了。
譯文：為了防止這種情況的再次發生，john snow建議所有的水源都要經過檢測，而且要尋找處理污水的新方法。
四、語法知識歸納梳理——過去分詞的用法
1. 構成：done（規則動詞的過去分詞與過去式變化相同，都是在動詞原形后加ed, 如：print—printed—printed; follow—followed—followed; 不規則動詞的過去分詞需要記憶, 如：begin—began—begun；ea—tate—eaten）
2. 意義：完成、被動
(1)不及物動詞的過去分詞表示完成的狀態，不表被動意義，如：fallen leaves（落葉），fall為不及物動詞，此處只表示落葉的狀態；
(2)及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動和完成，如：polluted water(污水)，pollute為及物動詞，water 和pollute之間是被動關系且動作業已完成。
3. 語法功用
在句中作定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語。不能單獨作謂語。
(1)作定語：過去分詞如是單個詞語，則位于中心詞前；如是短語，則位于中心詞后，作后置定語。如：
many terrified people died in turmoil. 很多受驚的人死于荒亂之中。
真題：don’t use words, expressions, or phrases____ only to people with specific knowledge. (上海)
a being known b having been known c to be known d known
解析： words, expressions, phrases與know在邏輯上是被動關系，要用過去分詞短語作定語，故選d。
(2)作表語：用在系動詞后。如：
i am interested in reading english novels. 我對閱讀英國小說感興趣。
my teacher got annoyed when i was late for school again. 我上學又遲到，老師為此很惱怒。
(3)作賓語補足語：用在賓語后面。如：
i had my dress washed already. 我已經把衣服洗了。
注：能帶過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞還有：get, hear, see, make, keep, find等。如：
i found the door broken. 我發現門壞了。
真題：laws that punish parents for their children’s against the laws get parents_____. (重慶)
a worried b to worry c worrying d worry
解析：“使得家長們感到擔心”，用過去分詞作賓語補足語，選a。
(4)作狀語：一般置于句首或句末。
the teacher came into the classroom, followed by some students. 老師和幾位同學走進教室。(the teacher與follow是被動關系)