Country music
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
Teaching aims and demands
本單元的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是使用學(xué)生能向他人提出建議和忠告,學(xué)生并掌握過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的有關(guān)用法。要求學(xué)生初步了解一些有關(guān)美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)的基本描述,能夠描述一兩個(gè)他們所喜愛(ài)的美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村歌手。
Teaching important and different points
1.單詞、詞組
value, remain, anger, equipment, however, appear, make fun of, think of, so far, once more, no longer
2.日常交際用語(yǔ)
Haven’t you heard of…?
That’s a good idea!
You’d better…
I think you’d enjoy it.
Why not…?
Why don’t you…?
3.語(yǔ)法
教學(xué)建議
對(duì)話建議:
建議教師在上課時(shí)在導(dǎo)入 課時(shí)給學(xué)生放一些相關(guān)的音樂(lè)欣賞,在聽(tīng)讀練習(xí)時(shí)可放入多媒體形式,利用對(duì)話中的日常生活用語(yǔ),談?wù)搶W(xué)生所熟悉的歌星、影星和球星,for example: haven’t you heard of….. 最后朗讀并編演對(duì)話。
課文分析:
本篇課文主要介紹了美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)在不同時(shí)期、年代人們的思想觀念的不同及追求人生的目標(biāo),用歌曲就能體現(xiàn)出來(lái),如:1990s、1950s、1960s. 而現(xiàn)在的美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)從它的主題思想、范圍、歌手及使用的樂(lè)器都所不同。
課文重點(diǎn)講解
辨析hear, hear of和hear from
1) hear 聽(tīng)見(jiàn);聽(tīng)說(shuō)(多跟從句)
He listened carefully but could hear nothing. 他仔細(xì)聽(tīng),但什么也沒(méi)聽(tīng)到。
2) hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)
Have you heard of the name of Whitney Houston?你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)惠特尼·休斯頓的名字嗎?
3) hear from 接到…,來(lái)信,后接某人
Linda heard from her pen friend in England yesterday.琳達(dá)昨天收到了她的英國(guó)筆友的來(lái)信。
辨析 however和 but
二者都意為“可是,但是”;
but是并列名詞,連接兩個(gè)并列分句,上下二句在總的意義上構(gòu)成了對(duì)比。
I really don't like cheese, but I will try just a little this time.我實(shí)在是不喜歡吃奶酪,但是這次我要嘗一點(diǎn)。
however不能直接連接兩個(gè)分句,必須另起新句,并用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。
It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大,不過(guò)我們還是出去尋找那個(gè)孩子。
辨析electrical 與electric
1)electrical 指“電氣的”,表示與電有關(guān)的;
an electrical engineer 電氣工程師
electrical work 電工話 electrical energy 電能
2)electric是“用電的”, 表示由電操縱或由電產(chǎn)生的。
an electric lamp /light 電燈an electric clock 電鐘
an electric bell 電鈴 an electric fan 電扇
辨析alone, lonely
這兩個(gè)詞都可作形容詞用,有“單獨(dú)”的含義,但用法有差異。
alone 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上獨(dú)自、獨(dú)立的、單獨(dú)一人在句中多作表語(yǔ)。如:
He feels alone. 他感到孤獨(dú)。
alone還可作副詞用狀做語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞
He lives alone. 他單獨(dú)生活。 .. .
lonely 只作形容詞,“孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的”,帶有主觀上的感情色彩,形容失去朋友,缺乏友愛(ài)和幫助,感到寂寞或悲哀。在句中作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。lonely用于地點(diǎn)時(shí),意為“荒涼的、偏僻的”。例如:
Do you feel lonely when you lived alone in the lonely house?當(dāng)你獨(dú)自住在那個(gè)偏僻的屋子里時(shí),你感到寂寞嗎?
辨析appear, seem 與 look
appear 強(qiáng)調(diào)外表給人某種印象,有時(shí)含實(shí)質(zhì)上并非如此的意思。其后不可接as if從句。
He appears to know more than he really does.
It appears that we have to go there.
seem暗示有一定根據(jù)判斷,這種判斷往往接近事實(shí),其后可接不定式,that或as if從句;
It seems as if he were in a daydream. (常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
look著重由視覺(jué)而得出的印象,其后不可接動(dòng)詞不定式或that從句。
You look very tired. Why don’t you have a rest?
詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
1. value的用法
value: 價(jià)值,購(gòu)買(mǎi)力;有用性。常用作不可數(shù)名詞。
Do you know the value of health? 你懂得健康的價(jià)值嗎?
本單元還出現(xiàn)了fun, anger, beauty, success 等表抽象概念的名詞,一般情況下為不可數(shù)名詞,beauty和success有時(shí)作可數(shù)名詞。如:
His sister is a beauty. 他姐姐長(zhǎng)得很漂亮。
The party was a great success.晚會(huì)很成功。
Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。
She is filled with anger.她相當(dāng)憤怒。
What fun! 多么有趣!
2. remain的用法
remain: 保持(某種狀態(tài)),仍舊是;留下。其常見(jiàn)用法是:
作系動(dòng)詞時(shí),可用形容詞、名詞。分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等作表語(yǔ)。如:
He remained silent all the time. 他一直保持沉默。
remain 作不及物動(dòng)詞。如:
After the fire, nothing remained of the house.
失火之后這所房子什么也沒(méi)剩下。
3. make fun of的用法
make fun=laugh at取笑。如:
Nobody likes to be made fun of. 沒(méi)人愿意讓人取笑。
已學(xué)過(guò)的make短語(yǔ)有:
make a mistake 出差錯(cuò) make sure 保證
make friends with 與……交朋友 make the bed 整理床鋪
be made of/from 由……制成 make faces 做鬼臉
make a noise 弄出聲 make a phone call to. . . 給……打電話
4. think的用法
1)think vt. 認(rèn)為、相信,與consider和believe 同義,主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用 think +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或think + that clause
The book is thought (to be) quite useful for the beginners of English.人們認(rèn)為這本書(shū)對(duì)英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者很有用。
I don't think money the most important.我認(rèn)為錢(qián)不是最重要的東西。
We all think him a clever boy.我們都認(rèn)為他是個(gè)聰明的孩子。
2)think well of對(duì)……印象很好”。其近義詞有think highly of, speak highly of。如:
He spoke highly of our city. 他對(duì)我市評(píng)價(jià)很高。
3)think可與 about/of/over等介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)
Everyone is thinking about/of (想著) our bright future.
I hope you will think it over. (仔細(xì)考慮)
I can't think of (想起) his name at the moment.
課文講解
Lesson 41
1. They are talking about the coming weekend. 他們?cè)谡務(wù)撨@個(gè)周末怎么過(guò)。
l) coming是形容詞,作“即將到來(lái)的”或“正在到來(lái)的”解。the coming weekend (the weekend that is coming) 指本周的周本(即將到來(lái)的周末),但(a the coming week (the week that is coming) 指的是下周,即the next week。又如:the coming Friday (即將到來(lái)的星期五), 在星期五以后說(shuō),指的是下星期五。
He wants to visit Hangzhou during the coming month.他想下個(gè)月去杭州玩玩。
weekend(周末)中國(guó)和一些西方國(guó)家一樣,在中國(guó),一周有五個(gè)工作日,weekend指的是從星期五晚上起,一直到星期天。
Haven't you heard of him?難道你沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他嗎?
3. I think you'd enjoy it. 我想你會(huì)喜歡它的。
You'd better hurry and buy a ticket then. 你最好趕快去買(mǎi)一張票。
這兩個(gè)句子中的you'd都是縮略式,但第一句的you’d 是you would的縮略式;而第二句中的you’d 是you had 的縮略式。
Lesson 42
1. Song writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA…歌曲作者不再寫(xiě)美國(guó)的現(xiàn)代價(jià)值……
1)no longer 作“不再”解,通常放在行為動(dòng)詞的前面,但如果是動(dòng)詞be, 則放在be之后。
Annie no longer lives here. 安妮不住在這兒了。
2)“no longer”常常可以用“not . . . any longer/more”來(lái)代替。前者用于肯定句,后者用于否定句。Annie does not live here any longer/more.
2. Instead they are writing once more about things that are common for every one .... 而他們現(xiàn)在再一次寫(xiě)常人常事……
1)once more與once again 同義,作“再一次”解,在句中作狀語(yǔ)。
Please say that word once more /again. 請(qǐng)把那個(gè)單詞再說(shuō)一遍。
2)more 構(gòu)成的其它短語(yǔ),如:
more and more (越來(lái)越……),more or less(或多或少,大約)。
3. During these years many young students were angry with society, so songs were often full of anger.在那些歲月里,許多年輕學(xué)生對(duì)社會(huì)憤憤不平,因此,歌曲里往往充滿怒氣。
1)句中anger是名詞,作“生氣”、“惱怒”解。
angry是由anger派生出的形容詞,詞義相同,詞類(lèi)有別。類(lèi)似的構(gòu)詞還有:
hunger (n.)-hungry (adj.饑餓), flower(n.)-flowery(adj.如花的;多花的)
4)be/get angry 生氣。后面可跟不同的介詞,如:
be angry with sb. 生某人的氣;be angry about/for sth. 因某事而生氣。
Don't be angry with me for my being late.不是因?yàn)槲疫t到了而生我的氣。
What are you angry about? 你為什么生氣呢?
5. Singers do not just come from the States but from all over the world. 鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)的歌手不僅來(lái)自美國(guó),而且來(lái)自世界各地。
句中的just作“僅僅”解,“not just . . . but”相當(dāng)于“not only . . . but also”,意思是“不僅……而且……”。
She is not just a student but a singer. 她不僅是學(xué)生,而且是歌手。
Lesson 44
1.but和however都可以作連詞,也都作“但是”、“可是”
but連接兩個(gè)并列的分句,上句和下句在總的意義上構(gòu)成一個(gè)對(duì)比,but后的分句常常是上句意義的轉(zhuǎn)折。
He would like to go, but he can’t. 他想去,但是不能去。
however 有“然而”、“盡管”。不能像but一樣直接連接兩個(gè)分句,必須另起新句,并用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。可以放在句首,也可以插在句子中間。
It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go out. 雨下得很大,不過(guò)(盡管如此)我想我們還是應(yīng)該出去。
He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come late. 他還沒(méi)有到,不過(guò)他可能來(lái)得晚一點(diǎn)。
2. So far I haven’t had any success. However, I’ll keep trying. 到目前為止我還沒(méi)有取得成功,不過(guò)我會(huì)繼續(xù)試下去的。
so far作“到現(xiàn)在為止”同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。
We have not heard about 1500 English words. 到現(xiàn)在為止,我們已學(xué)過(guò)了1500個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
keep doing sth. 表示“繼續(xù)干某事”的意思,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)不斷。
We must keep going forward. 我們必須不斷前進(jìn)。
語(yǔ)法知識(shí):(過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài))
A. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法
過(guò)去完成時(shí)“助動(dòng)詞had + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”,在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。可以用圖表來(lái)表示這時(shí)間的概念:
When we arrived at the theatre, the play had already started. 句子中的When – clause的動(dòng)作(arrive)發(fā)生在圖中的過(guò)去一點(diǎn)時(shí)間上(Past),而主句的動(dòng)作(start)發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,亦即在before這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)戲劇就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。上述句子的主句中之所以要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)(had started),是因?yàn)閺木渲械膭?dòng)作(arrived)是發(fā)生在過(guò)去。下面再進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明一下:
表 示 | 例 句 |
一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束。 | When I got to the but stop, the bus had gone. 我到達(dá)車(chē)站時(shí),汽車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。 |
表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間,這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能停止,也可能繼續(xù)。 | I had worked for 5 years here before she came to our school. 她來(lái)我們學(xué)校之前我就在這兒工作五年了。 |
B.過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較
時(shí)態(tài) | 特征 | 例 句 |
一般過(guò)去時(shí) | 1)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 2)如果幾個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 | 1)Li Ming saw the film yesterday. 李明是昨天看的電影。 2)He cycled to town, parked his bike near a bookshop and entered. 他騎車(chē)進(jìn)城,把車(chē)停放在一家書(shū)店旁,就進(jìn)去了。 |
過(guò)去完成時(shí) | 過(guò)去某時(shí)刻或某時(shí)候以前已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(過(guò)去的過(guò)去) | Li Ming said he had seen the film the day before. 李明說(shuō)他是前天看的電影。 |
若不按事情發(fā)生的前后順序而是先講發(fā)生在后的事情,發(fā)生在前的事情則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 | By the time we got to the cinema, the film had begun. 等我們到達(dá)電影院,電影早已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。 | |
在有when, after, before, as soon as, until等連詞的復(fù)合句中,如主句與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作是在不同的時(shí)間發(fā)生的,先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí),若兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生,則主從句都可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 | 1)When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒來(lái)時(shí),雨已經(jīng)停了。 2)After I (had) finished my homework, I went to bed. 完作業(yè) 后,我就睡覺(jué)了。 |
C.過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從旬中或用來(lái)把含有一般過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)。
She said to me, “I saw the film.” 她對(duì)我說(shuō):“我看過(guò)這部電影。”
She told me that she had seen the film.她告訴我她看過(guò)這部電影。
D.過(guò)去完成時(shí)用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,主要出現(xiàn)在表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的條件句和wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。如:
I wish I hadn't missed the train. 要是趕上了火車(chē)就好了。
語(yǔ)法練習(xí):
1.He _____to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.
A. has no sooner got B. no sooner got
B. will no sooner got D. had no sooner got
2.They ask me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _____a good drink.
A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying
3.Helen_____her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; could come
4.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life____ so happy!
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
5.The students_____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office.
A. had written; left B. were writing ; has left
C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left
答案:DACDD