Unit 2 Working the land

teaching aids
  multi-media
teaching procedures
step 1: lead in
  what is the substance we put on the soil to make crops grow ?
  it is fertilizer.
  how many kinds of fertilizers do farmers use ?
  there are two kinds. they are chemical fertilizers and natural ones.
  which kind do farmers use when they are doing organic farming ?
  do you know about organic farming ? today we’re going to read a passage with the title organic farming.
 step 2 : scanning
read the first paragraph and find out
1 what organic farming is . 
organic farming means growing crops without chemical fertilizers.
step 3 : intensive reading
1 how can organic farmers make their soil fertile ?
organic farmers use natural waste from animals instead of chemical fertilizers.
2 but why don’t they use chemical fertilizers ?
because using chemical fertilizers causes problems .
read the second paragraph and answer-----
3 how many problems are caused by using chemical fertilizers?      
three.   they are as follows.
firstly, chemical fertilizers affect the soil and the water supply badly.
secondly, they allow farmers to grow the same crop year after year and exhaust the oil.
thirdly, they kill both helpful and harmful pests.
read the whole passage again and fill in the table.
advantages of organic farming
      reasons
1. farmers use natural waste from animals. this makes the soil richer in minerals and so more fertile.
2. the soil is not exhausted.  peas and soybeans renew the minerals in the soil. the soil becomes rich and healthy.
3. they use the soil to best advantage.
 they plant crops that need surface soil and next crops that grow at a deeper level. so the wind and water does not carry away the soil. all the richness of the soil is used.

step 4 : discussion
   find out what type of writing the passage is. discuss how to read and write this kind of passage.
step 5 : homework
  

read the text and translate the following phrases:
  as well as ____________    for a long time  ________________
  build up  ______________  lead to _______________
  turn to _________________  focus on ______________
  keep（prevent ）…from _______________ 
answers:
也  好長時間  逐漸增強；建立；開發   導致； 造成   求助于  集中（注意力，精力等）于   阻止 
period4&5
grammar
step1 greet students as usual