句子的結構
英語的句子,與漢語句子類似,按照語法結構也可分為三類,即簡單句,并列句和復合句。那么有關這三種句型的詳細信息,請看下面的講解。一、簡單句
簡單句只包含一個主謂結構,并且各個結構都是由單詞或短語組成,不包含任何從句。簡單句有五種基本句型。
1.主語+謂語(不及物動詞)
the new term begins.
新學期開始了。
2.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語
the girl is learning to play the piano.
這個女孩在學彈鋼琴。
3.主語+連系動詞+表語
susan is a student.
蘇珊是個學生。
4.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+間接賓語+直接賓語
he bought her a watch.
他給她買了一塊表。
5. 主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+賓語補語
we all be lived you honest.
我們都認為你是誠實的。
二、并列句(簡單句+連詞+簡單句)
并列句是由兩個或多個簡單句連接而成的。其中的各個簡單句并列平行,同等重要,相互之 間沒有從屬關系,能夠獨立成句。它們之間要用連詞連接。
并列句可分為四種:
1.表示相同關系
用連詞或逗號、分號連接構成并列句。常用連詞有:and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...
her father is a teacher and her mother is a doctor.
她的父親是老師,母親是醫生。
susan not only runs fast, but also jumps high.
蘇姍不但跑得快,而且跳得高。
i could neither swim nor skate.
我既不會游泳,也不會滑冰。
i wouldn't see this film , it's boring.
我不想看這個電影,它令人心煩。
2.表示轉折關系
常用連詞有:but, still, yet, while, when等。
it was late at night, but he went on doing his homework.
夜已深了,但是他還在繼續做作業。
she was busy cooking while they were watching tv.
她忙著做飯,而他們卻在看電視。
the film is not perfect, still, it's good.
這部影片雖然不是無可挑剔,但還是好的。
3.表示選擇關系
常用連詞為:or, either...or...。
would you have tea or coffee?
你是喝茶還是咖啡?
the teacher wanted to see either his father or mother.
老師要見一下他的父親或是母親。
either this road or that on e can lead you to that hospital.
這條路或那條路都通往那家醫院。
4.表示因果關系
常用連詞有for和so。
she soon fell asleep, for she was too tired.
她很快就睡著了,因為她太累了。
we hurried to the railway station, for there was little time for the train to leave.
我們急忙趕往車站,因為火車很快就要開了。
it was raining harder and harder, so we had to stay at home.
雨下得越來越大,所以我們只得呆在家里。
the teacher asked susan to go, so she went.
老師讓蘇姍到她那去,因此她就去了。
三、復合句(主句+連詞+從句)
包含一個主句,一個或一個以上的從句的句子叫復合句。從句從屬于主句并充當主句的某一 成分,如主語,表語,賓語,定語,狀語等。
1.主語從句
主語從句就是從句作主語。它可作謂語動詞的主語,也可作分詞的主語。主語從句有三種:
(1)由that引導:
it is impolite that you talked so loud in the restaurant.
你們在餐館那么大聲音說話是極不禮貌的。
it is a great surprise that she won the champion.