What were you doing when the UFO arrived教案
2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去掉e,再加-ing。
come→coming make→making write→writing
3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,如果末尾以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾,應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)字母,再加ing,x和w結(jié)尾的除外。 如get→getting swim→swimming show→showing
4)以字母y結(jié)尾的單詞,直接加ing。如carrying、playing、
5)以字母ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變ie為y,再加ing。如 die→dying lie→lying
6)以元音字母加e結(jié)尾,或以e結(jié)尾,且e發(fā)音的動(dòng)詞,直接加-ing 。如 see→seeing be→being
3. 使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)
1)一些動(dòng)詞,如see、hear、love、like、know、remember;understand、have等表示感情、知覺(jué)和狀態(tài)的詞,一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
2)在there和here引起的句子中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
eg. here comes the bus .
there goes the bell .
4. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
1)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作。如:
they were writing letters to their friends last night .昨晚他們?cè)趯?xiě)信給他們的朋友。(沒(méi)有說(shuō)明信是否寫(xiě)完)
they wrote letters to their friends last night .他們昨晚寫(xiě)了信給他們的朋友。(表達(dá)了他們已寫(xiě)好的意思,整個(gè)寫(xiě)的過(guò)程已完成。)
2)當(dāng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)或表示厭煩、贊美等感情色彩時(shí),常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。如:
he was thinking more of others than of himself .他考慮別人的比考慮自己的多。(表示說(shuō)話者贊揚(yáng)的口氣)
the boy was always making trouble then .那時(shí),他總是惹麻煩。(表示說(shuō)話者厭煩的口氣)
5. 以when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
1)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞指動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間,而不是瞬間結(jié)束。如:work、study、drink、eat等。
非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞指動(dòng)作極為短暫,瞬間結(jié)束。如:start、begin、hit、jump、knock等。
2)在本單元中,出現(xiàn)了以when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
<1> when表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。從句中既可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,又可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,這些動(dòng)詞既可以表示動(dòng)作,又可表示狀態(tài)。從句中的動(dòng)作既可和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,又可在主句的動(dòng)作之前或之后發(fā)生。如:
mary was having dinner when i saw her .
the boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday morning .
<2> while表示“在……的時(shí)候”、“在……期間”。它強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作過(guò)程中。while從句中必須是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:
the weather was fine while we were in beijing .
she called while i was out .
如果主句的動(dòng)作在從句的動(dòng)作過(guò)程中發(fā)生,從句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。如。
while we were swimming someone stole our clothes .
don't talk so loud while others are working .
總結(jié):
<1> when可指時(shí)間點(diǎn),又可指時(shí)間段,從句中可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
<2> while總是指一個(gè)時(shí)間段,從句中必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。