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Unit 18 Seeing the doctor

Unit 18 Seeing the doctor

教學建議

教學內容分析
本單元圍繞“生病”和“就醫”這一主線展開教學。整個單元安排了兩個對話和兩篇小短文。使學生在學習第67課的基礎上繼續學習有關“生病”和“看病”的日常用語。同時也啟發人們思考和探討飲食、休息、鍛煉及適當參加一些體力勞動與健康之間的關系。本單元的語法項目是have to和must之間在用法上的一些區別及系動詞的用法。
第69課第一部分是Jill和Mum的一段小對話,從而引出第二部分Jill和醫生的一段對話,從中介紹了許多有關的交際用語。第三部分是一個說與寫的訓練。旨在鞏固以上所學內容,同時引出本單元的語法重點have to的用法。
第70課介紹了一篇做夢與心理健康的文章。它符合學生的心理和年齡特征,容易引起他們閱讀的興趣。讀后可讓學生做文前的兩個討論題,加深他們對課文內容的理解,同時提高他們口頭運用英語語言的能力。
第71課第一部分的對話旨在復習 have to的基礎上引出它的否定形式和與must在用法上的區別。第二部分是介紹有關系動詞taste,look,seem,feel,be的用法。
第72課的第二部分是組句訓練,主要是用于鞏固第對課第二部分中所學的幾個系動詞。第三部分安排了一段頗有幽默感的病人和醫生的對話,提醒大家注意飲食與健康的關系。第四部分的寫作訓練主要讓學生運用已學過的有關看病就醫的日常用語。
重難點及疑點分析
(-)重點、難點
A.單詞及短語
trouble, cough, terrible, wake, asleep, plant, difficult, rich, angry, look over, fat, thin
asleep是形容詞,意思是“睡著的”。表示“睡得很熟”用fast asleep或sound asleep,不用very asleep。asleep通常作表語,不作前置定語。
B.句子
1.Take this medicine three times a day.
2. Have a good rest and drink more water.
3. Last night, as soon as I fell asleep I dreamt that I went to the garden.
as soon as譯為“-……就……”,常用來引導、個時間狀語從句,其將來時用一般現在時來表示,主句用將來時。例如:
I will write to you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
4. There s nothing much wrong with you.
5. I mean you eat too much food, and you don’t take enough exercise, too much后面跟不可數名詞。too many后面跟可數名詞的復數形式。much too后面跟形容詞或副詞,如too much time, too many books, much too clear, much too fast等。exercise在這里是“鍛煉”的意思,是不可數名詞,但具體指某一種“鍛煉”用復數形式。如morning exercises,eye exercises。
6. No problem, doctor.
7. Do you remember your worst dream?
C.語法
1.情態動詞have to的用法。
2.系動詞的用法。
(二)疑點
A.單詞及短語
smell, instead, stop. . . from doing…
1. smell是知覺性動詞,相當于系動詞,后面用形容詞作表語。如:
This food smells good.
2. instead作副詞,是“代替”、“頂替”的意思。如:
Mr. Wang is ill, I will take his class instead.
instead of為介詞短語,它后面可跟名詞、代詞、動名詞、介詞短語或形容詞等。如:
(1)I will clean the window instead of him.
(2)We will skate instead of playing football.
3. stop… from …意為“阻止(防止)……做某事”。如:
The heavy rain stopped them from going to school.
B.句子
1. She didn't feel like eating anything.
此句中的fee like相當于would like或want。feel like doing sth. =would like/want to do sth.
2. I had to sit down and rest every five minutes.
every five minutes指的是每5分鐘。如:
He comes to see us every three days.
3. Let me take your temperature.
Let sb. do sth. 是一個固定的用法。
C.語法
1.have to與must的區別
(l)must表示主觀,have to表示客觀。
We must help each other.
My sister is ill, my mother has to look after her.
(2)inns一般表示現在時,而have to有多種時態。
2.系動詞除了我們常用的be以外,還有become, turn, smell, taste, seem, sound, feel, look, go等。
口語訓練
本單元的口語訓練主要涉及“看病就醫”的一些表達方法。學生第一次接觸到這方面的內容,可能有一些難度。教師可先讓學生聽第69課第一部分的錄音,聽懂關鍵性的句子和短語。What’s the trouble? have a headache and a cough, take sb. to see a doctor,接著做第二部分的Puzzle dialogue,然后組織學生兩人一組進行對話訓練。在此基礎上師生共同討論對已學過的“看病就醫”的表達法進行歸納。如:What’s the matter with you? /What’s wrong (with you)? /What’s the trouble (with you)? /feel like doing sth./have(get)a pain in/I don’t feel very well (any better) now./have a headache( cold/cough) /nothing serious/take one’s temperature/take sb. to see a doctor/take this medicine two( three/four) times a day/have a good rest/drink more water,最后學生分組編制生病或看病就醫的對話。場景的設置可以在家中、醫院或學校。教師可以根據實際情況叫幾組學生在全班同學面前表演。
老師可以布置學生參考練習冊第69課練習3,以學生自己的名義給班主任老師或英語老師寫張請假條
有關“看病就醫”話題的教學
本單元的主要交際項目是看病,所有教學活動都應圍繞這一主題展開。建議教師設計多種情景,使學生在做中學,在實踐中掌握。
(1)設置看病的情景進行表演
情景:Lin Lin was ill, she called her teacher to ask for a leave.
對話:
Mr. Li: Hello.
Lin Lin: Hello, it is Lin Lin here. Is that Mr. Li? 
Mr. Li: Yes, what’s the matter with you?
Lin Lin: I have a cold and a terrible headache.
Mr. Li: Did you take any medicine?
Lin Lin: Yes, my mother took me to the hospital last night. The doctor said it is not serious. But he thought I had better have a two-day’s rest.
Mr. Li: Well, that doesn’t matter. I hope you’ll feel better soon.
Lin Lin: Thank you very much.
此對話可在課堂上組織學生進行表演。

Name:     Age:   Sex: 

Symptom(癥狀):

Reason:(原因)

Advice: (建議)

(2)學生可以根據此表的格式寫一張醫生診斷證明
(3)教師可以組織學生建立一個臨時診所,一個學生準備一個聽疹器,一頂白帽子和一張桌子,扮演成醫生,其他幾個同學辦成不同癥狀的病人,進行對話表演。
閱讀訓練教學
本單元安排了兩篇極富幽默感的閱讀文章,單詞較多。建議教師重點訓練學生猜詞,判斷大意的能力。教師可在閱讀文章之前,設計部分重點詞匯練習,讓學生猜出括號中單詞大意。如下:
1.Every morning My mother always(wakes me up)and I have to get up on time.
2.The students are tired and(as soon as)school is over, they go home at once.
3. I have worked for a day, I am very(tired)and I don’t want to do it any more.
4.My father always takes (morning exercises)every morning. So he can keep good health.
第70課講述的是一個叫Roy的男孩由于老做夢而去看醫生的故事。做夢是每個人都經歷過的事情,特別是10多歲的孩子,正處于多夢時期。課文從討論做夢入手,容易引起學生的興趣,而像Roy那樣夢中總是于累人活兒的學生也有不少。
在閱讀開始之前,老師可以提幾個簡單的問題,如:Do you often dream?What do you usually do when you dream? /Would you like to know something about Roy’s dream?學生對閱讀的興趣,增強他們急于了解課文內容的迫切心情。同時為了減少學生閱讀的難度,可以先列出一些估計學生比較難于理解的詞匯、短語或句子。如:as soon as, be busy doing sth., terrible storm, stop the ship from going down .sleeping pills, be awake, fall asleep, relax, Don't they work? light music等。閱讀完以后讓學生做練習冊中第70課的練習一,看看他們是否已經理解了課文的內容。
第72課的閱讀短文講的是一個胖女士請醫生看病的故事。在組織學生閱讀前老師首先問學生第一個問題:Is the woman fat or thin?然后問第二個問題:Why did the woman go to see the doctor?讓學生圍繞這些問題去閱讀。等學生閱讀完以后,老師可以用一些最簡單的一般問句問學生,例如:Is the woman feeling very well?/Did the woman have to sit down and rest every five minutes when she worked yesterday?等。然后讓學生聽錄音,加深印象。最后,教師可以讓學生做課文改寫以后的填空練習。這樣能使閱讀、聽力、書面訓練有機地結合在一起,使教學效果更趨于完美。
語法教學
1.情態動詞have to
(l)情態動詞have to和must在意義上基本相同,在很多情況下二者可以互換使用。但must是強調說話人的主觀看法,而have to強調的是客觀需要。從形式上看must適用于所有的人稱,沒有時態的變化;而have to有第三人稱單數has to,還有時態的變化:had to(過去時),will have to(一般現在將來時)等。例如:
①There must be some students in the classroom now.
②We must learn English well.
③He must stay at home and look after his brother.
④There is no bus, we have to go to school on foot.
⑤Lucy’s mother is ill in hospital, she has to look after her.
⑥She couldn’t find her pen, she had to buy a new one.
⑦The students will have to know how to use the computers.
(2)含有情態動詞have to的各種句型
①陳述句
I/We/You/They have to/had to. . . .
take this medicine three times a day
clean the classroom once a day
②主語是第三人稱單數
She/He has to/had to. . . .
take more exercise
drink more water
③疑問句(借助助動詞do/does/did/will等)
Do I have to. . .? Yes, you do./No,you don't.
Does she/he have to. . . ? Yes, she/he does. /No. she/he doesn t.
Did she/he have to. . .? Yes, she/he did./No, she/he didn't.
④特殊疑問句
What do they have to do now?
What does he/she have to say at the meeting?
Why did he/she have to see a doctor?
Which book do we have to read?
教師可通過兩人一組的形式操練有關內容,最后叫幾個小組到教室前面表演。
2.系動詞
系動詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須和后面的由名詞(短語)、形容詞(短語)副詞或介詞短語構成的表語一起使用。最常用的系動詞是be,另外還有look,become,get,seem,turn,grow,take,feel,soled,small籌。如:
(1) Twins usually look the same.
(2) The teacher became angry.
(3) His uncle is an English teacher.
(4) They look very happy/sad.
(5) This kind of apple tastes sweet.
(6) After he left school, he became a doctor.
(7) This food smells good.
(8) His face goes red.
教師可結合第71課練習冊中的練習2,適當給出一些書面練習,讓學生在課后進行操練。
寫作建議
教師可以讓學生寫兩封短信一封是介紹自己的病情,一封是回信告訴對方如何保持健康。可以使用下列詞語(do more exercise, play ball game, eat less sweets, have good rest, have a cold, have a fever, have a headache, need a good rest )
學生完成練習后,再讀課文,并回答課后問題。
學法指導
1.本單元新出現的詞匯比較多,集中記憶比較困難,可以采用分散記憶法。把單詞放在課文中去記憶,這樣就會減少難度。
2.兩篇課文篇幅都比較長,對課文內容能熟讀就行了。但對一些常用的短語必須要牢牢掌握。如:be tired, wake up, be good for sb. , as soon as, fall asleep, be busy doing sth., all night long, a terrible storm, stop the ship from going down, sleeping pills, listen to music, be fast asleep, hard work, play the same piece, feel weak and died, rest every five minutes, look over, nothing much wrong with sb. ,What do you mean? rich food, take enough exercise, eat less food, some dry bread, feel much healthier, instead of等等。
3.本單元的語法項目①情態動詞have to與②系動詞。要掌握他們的用法必須在了解他們基本含義的基礎上,通過一定量的口頭和書面練習。
詞匯辨析
1. too much / much too
too much意為“太多”,常修飾不可數名詞或行為動詞;而much too意為“太”,常修飾形容詞或副詞,以加強語氣。如:
He always eats too much meat, so he is much too fat. 他總是吃太多的肉,因此他太胖了。
 You talked too much at the meeting. 你在會上講得太多了。
另外,too much也可以單獨用,相當于一個名詞或代詞。如:
He is a kind man and often gives too much but gets too little. 他是個好心人,經常付出的多而得到的回報少。
2. instead / instead of
instead與instead of都有“代替”之意,instead 后不跟其它成分,通常置于句末作狀語;而instead of后常跟名詞、代詞、v-ing形式或介詞短語等。如:
Why don’t you come and play volleyball instead? 你們為什么不來改打排球呢?
We can use the USA instead of America. 我們可以用the USA來代替America.
He went to school on foot instead of by bike yesterday. 昨天他步行去上學,沒有騎自行車。
Jim likes swimming instead of skating. 吉姆喜歡游泳,而不是滑冰。
疑難解析
1. What’s the trouble?你怎么了?
這是口語中常用的句子,常用于詢問對方身體哪里不舒服或發生了什么不幸的事。類似的句子還有:What’s the matter (with you)? 或What’s wrong (with you)?
trouble名詞,意思是“煩惱,苦惱,憂慮,困難”。常見的搭配有:go to the trouble“不辭辛勞地做某事”;get into trouble“陷入困境,惹麻煩”;be in trouble“處于不幸/苦惱/困境之中”。例如:
My teacher went to the trouble of teaching us.我的老師不辭勞苦地教我們。
They got into trouble when they climbed that hill yesterday.昨天他們爬山時陷入了困境。
He is always ready to help others when they are in trouble.當他們處于困境時,他總是樂于幫助他們。
2. I had to sit down and rest every five minutes. 每五分鐘我就得坐下來休息一會兒。
every形容詞,意思是“每個”,同數詞連用時,名詞可以有復數形式。表示“每……,每隔……的”。例如:
He comes every three days. 他每隔兩天來一次。(他每三天來一次。)
She goes to Beijing every other year. 她隔年去一趟北京。
3. Last night, as soon as I fell asleep I dreamt that I went to the garden.昨天夜里我一睡著就夢見我到花園里去了。 
1)as soon as是連詞,引導時間狀語從句,表示“一……就……”。如:
It began to snow as soon as I got home.  我一到家里就開始下雪了。
He will call you as soon as he arrives. 他一到就會給你電話的。
2)fall asleep 意思是“入睡的,睡著的”,fall在此是連系動詞,后常跟asleep或ill作表語。如:
He was too tired, so he fell asleep very soon. 他太累了,因此很快就睡著了。
類似的詞還有before, after, until, when等。當主句是一般將來時態時,時間狀語從句必須用一般現在時態。
3)…that I went to the garden. 這是由that引導的從句作賓語,叫做賓語從句。如:
He said that he could not sleep well. 他說他睡不好。
4. They taste delicious. 它們吃起來很香。
taste是系動詞。常用的系動詞有:be, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, get, become等,系動詞后常用名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語作表語。例如:
(1) The teacher seems angry. 老師似乎生氣了。
(2) The food smells good. 食物聞起來很香。
(3) It’s getting colder. 天氣變冷了。
have to 用法分析
have to是情態動詞,意思是“必須;不得不”,表示客觀要做的事情,后接動詞原形。
一、have to的單數和復數
have to雖是情態動詞,但有人稱或數的變化。一般現在時第三人稱單數用has to,其他人稱用have to。例如:
You have to go with Tom.你得跟湯姆去。
She has to answer this question. 她不得不回答這個問題。
二、have to的肯定式
have to的肯定式由“have to+動詞原形”構成。例如:
I have to tell him the news.我得告訴他這個消息。
She has to walk home.她不得不走回家。
三、have to的否定式
have to的否定式由“don’t have to+動詞原形”或“doesn’t have to+動詞原形”構成。例如:
You don’t have to do like this.你不必這樣做。
He doesn’t have to be there on time. 他不必按時到那里。
have to的否定式還可在have/has后面加not (僅限于一般現在時和一般過去時)。例如:
He hasn’t to go there.他不必去那里。
I haven’t to get up early.我不必早起床。
四、have to的疑問式
have to的一般疑問式通常由“Do/ Does + 主語+nave to+動詞原形+其他成分”構成,肯定回答用do或does;否定回答用don’t(have to)或doesn’t(have to)。例如:
 ①–Do you have to go now?你現在就得去嗎?
–Yes, I do.是的。
②–Does he have to hay home? 他必須留在家里嗎?
–Yes, he does. 是的。
(No, he doesn’t (have to) . 不,他不必留在家里。)
五、have to的時態
have to可用于各種時態。其一般過去時的肯定式是had to,否定式是didn’t have to;一般將來時的肯定式是will have to,否定式是won’t have to。例如:
He said he had to see me about something important.他說他有重要的事情不得不見我。
He said they didn’t have to borrow 200 yuan from John.他說他們不必向約翰借二百元。
You will have to do that again.你得重做那件事。
She won’t have to go with you. 她不必跟你去。
六、have to與 must的區別
1.have to有人稱和數的變化,即第三人稱單數用has to,其他人稱用have to;而must沒有人稱或數的變化。例如:
He has to go there.他必須去那里。
She must be off now.她現在必須走了。
2.have to有時態的變化,must沒有。例如:
He told me that I must be at the station by ten.他告訴我必須十點前到達車站。
He had to pay for it.他不得不賠償。
3.have to強調客觀上“不得不”做某事;must指主觀上“必須”做某事。例如:
We must study hard.我們一定要努力學習。
He had to go on foot because there was something wrong with his car.因為他的汽車壞了,他不得不走著去。

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