Module 4 Carnival（Period One）

be good for ,date from.
teaching procedures:
step 1. revision
read the sentences and find out what grammar are they?
1. is the room cleaned every day?
2. we were woken up by a loud noise during the night.
3. something must be done before it is too late.
4. have you heard the news? the president has been shot?
5. the car was three years old but hadn’t been used very much.
6. there’s somebody walking behind us. i think we are being followed.
step 2. presentation— 被動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本形式是: be +過去分詞 根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)的不同, be的形式有所變化.
(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): am/is /are+過去分詞  (口語可用get/become或got /became)
(2) 一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):was /were+過去分詞
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法:
 不知道或沒有必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài).強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者常用被動(dòng)語態(tài).(有時(shí)可省略).
使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題.
(1) 主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語的變化. 看下列例句
eg: 我朋友在我生日時(shí)送我一本有趣的書.
my friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
— an interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.
—i was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.
(2) 主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí),賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)(位置不變);作賓補(bǔ)的省略to的不定時(shí)在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中應(yīng)加to.
eg: 老板讓他整天工作.
the boss made him work all day long.
— he was made to work all day long (by the boss).
(3) 短語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),勿要掉”尾巴”.
eg: 孩子們被他照顧的很好.
—the children were taken good care of ( by her).
eg: 要注意一下你的發(fā)音和拼寫.
—your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
(4) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和be going to, be to, be sure to ,used to, have to, had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語態(tài),只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞。
(5) 當(dāng)句子的謂語為say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等時(shí),被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式:
a: 謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài),動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)作主補(bǔ).
b 用作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語從句來表示.例如:
eg: 人們說她是個(gè)聰明的孩子.
people say he is a smart boy.
—it is know that he is a smart boy.
—he is said to be a smart boy.
人們都知道紙是最先在中國(guó)制造的.
people know paper was made in china first.
—it is known that paper was made in china.
—paper was known to be made in china.
類似句型有: it is said/ know/ suggested/believed/ hoped /thought that…..
practice: rewrite the sentences in the passive voice.
1. tourists from all over the world visit venice.
2. trained artists make many of the carnival masks.
3. rich people gave parties every day for a month.
4. the portuguese and the spanish took carnival to south america.
5. in london the west indian community created the notting hill carnival.
6. today millions of people enjoy carnival.