2019高考二輪復習英語教案: 動詞時態和語態
he has been to the great wall.他到過長城。(現在他已不在長城)
he has gone to the great wall.他去長城了。(現在他不在此地)
(七)過去完成時
過去完成時由"助動詞had+過去分詞"構成。用法如下:
1、過去完成時表示過去某一時間或動作以前已經發生或完成了的動作。它表示動作發的時間是"過去的過去"。表示過去某一時間可用by, before等構成的短語,也可用when, before,after,until等引導的從句或通過上下文表示。
when we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.當我們到達電影院時,電影已經開始了。
2、表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始,一直延續到過去的這一時間,而且還可能繼續下去的動作,常和for, since構成的短語或引導的從句連用。
3、用于表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件從句或as if從句中表示與過去事實相反
if he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.假如他昨天看到你,他就會問你這件事了。
had i known that you wanted the book , i would have sent it.如果我知道你要這本書,我會送來的。
4、放在像said,told,asked,thought,wondered等過去時動詞的后面,表示在這些動作發生之前已經發生了的事情。
my friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告訴我,他已通過了考試。
5、用在 "it was the first/second/third…time that…"句型中,that引導的定語從句要用過去完成時。
this was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 這是39年里他們第一次見面。
it was the first time we had spoken together. 這是我們第一次在一起說話。
6、intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等動詞的過去完成時,表示過去未曾實現的設想、意圖或希望等,含有某種惋惜。
i had intended to call on you yesterday, but i had an unexpected visitor.我本來昨天打算要去看你,但我來了個不速之客。
7、過去完成時常用結構有"hardly, scarcely, barely … when, no sooner… than等副詞的句子里。
she hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang.他剛睡下鈴就響了。
no sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.他們剛剛離開大樓,一顆炸彈就爆炸了。
(八)過去將來時
過去將來時一般由 "助動詞would(第二、三人稱)/should(第一人稱)+動詞原形"構成。不論什么人稱,美國英語皆可用would。用法如下:
1、表示對過去某一時間點而言將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。常用于賓語從句中。
i thought they would come to help me.我認為他們會來幫我的。
he said he would wait for us at the bus stop.他說他要在車站等我們。
2、表示過去的某種習慣行為
he would sit for hours doing nothing.過去他常常坐幾個鐘頭什么事也不做。
he would come to see us on sundays.過去星期天他經常來看望我們。
3、過去將來時的其它表達法
(1)was/were going to
①表示過去的打算和意圖
he was going to start work the following week.他打算下星期開始工作。(打算)
②表示沒有實現的打算和意圖
he was going to come last night, but it rained.他打算昨晚來,但下雨了。(沒實現)