Unit 10 American literature (Grammar)
i am sorry i shall not be free tomorrow morning.對不起,明天上午我沒空。
▲be going to表示現在打算在最近或將來要做的事,或表示說話人根據已有跡象推斷可能要發生的事。如:
we are going to have an english evening tonight.今晚我們準備開個英語晚會。
it looks as if it’s going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。
i think he is going to leave soon.我認為他很快就會離開。
▲be+不定式,表示按計劃安排要發生的事,或用來征求對方意見。如:
there is to be a party on saturday evening.星期六晚上有個聚會。
am i to go on with the work?這工作我還繼續干下去嗎?
i am to meet mr smith at eleven this morning.我要在今天上午十一點鐘見史密斯先生。
▲be about+不定式,表示即將發生……,意為“即將”“正要”。如:
let’s hurry. the meeting is about to begin.讓我們快點,會議就要開始了。
the smiths are about to start on a journey.史密斯一家就要去旅行了。
【注】be about+不定式表示馬上就要進行的動作,故在句中與表示具體的將來時間連用,但可以和as或when引導的時間狀語從句連用。如:
as i came,sha was about to go to the cinema.我到時,她要去電影院了。
when i reached home,mother was about to go shopping.我到家時,母親準備出去購物。
【注】will和be going to都可表示意愿,但前者多表示決心、意志;而后者表示經過考慮后的打算。請比較:
he is studying hard and is going to take the college entrance exams.他正努力學習,正準備考大學。
they will go their own way in spite of the difficulties.不管有多少困難,他們都決心走自己的路。
【注】will可用于條件句中表示意愿,這時will是情態動詞。
if she’ll listen to me,i’ll give her some advice.如果她愿意聽我說,我會給她一些勸告。
【注】上句中用在條件句中的will表示意愿,不是表示單純的將來,但be going to可用于條件句中表示單純的將來。如:
if you are going to visit the museum next week,please take helen along.
如果下周你去參觀那個博物館,請帶上海倫一起去。
【注】一般將來時還可以表示一種傾向或一種固有的特性。如:
all living things will die without air and water.沒有空氣和水,所有的生物都將死亡。
water will boil if heated to 100℃.水如果被加熱到攝氏一百度就會沸騰。
▲過去將來時
表示從過去某一時間來看將要發生的動作,主要用在賓語從句中。如:
jack said he would go to hawaii for the holiday.杰克說他將去夏威夷度假。
i asked if he would come and repair my tv set.我問他是否可以來給我修理電視機。
i thought it would rain,and sure enough it did.我想會下雨,果然下了。
【注】從過去某一時間來看將要發生的事,還可以用were/was going to do或were/was to do或was/were about to do來表示。如:
he said he was going to try.他說他準備試一試。
i was about to go when a friend dropped in.我正要出門,來了一個朋友。
she was to meet kurt at an appointed place on the street.她將和庫爾特在街上約定的地方見面。