Unit 10 American literature (Grammar)

【注】was/were＋不定式的完成式表示本來打算做某事，而后來沒有做。如：
i was to have seen him last sunday but he did not come.我本打算上星期天和他見面的，但他沒有來。
i was to have told you about it but i didn’t have time to come over.
我本來要告訴你的，但我沒有時間過來。
▲現(xiàn)在進行時
表示正在進行的動作。如：
the telephone is ringing.would you answer it？電話鈴響了，請你接一下，好嗎？
they are making preparations for it.他們正在做準備工作。
▲表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行，而此刻不一定在進行的動作。如：
he is studying english and teaching chinese.他在學習英語，又在教漢語。
professor smith is translating a novel these days.這些天史密斯教授正在翻譯一本小說。
▲有些表示“變化、移動”概念的動詞，它們的現(xiàn)在進行時表示將要發(fā)生的動作，類似動詞有go，start，arrive，return等等。如：
are you leaving for shanghai tomorrow？明天你去上海嗎？
how many of you are coming to the party？你們有多少人來參加聚會？
▲現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)與always，forever，constantly，continually等副詞連用時，表示反復出現(xiàn)的或習慣性的動作，并且含有某種感情色彩，如贊嘆、厭惡等。如：
he is always making silly mistake.他總是犯愚蠢的錯誤。
you are always interrupting me！你老打斷我的話。
she is always thinking of her work.她老想到她的工作。
he is continually reminding me of what i owe him.他老提起我欠他錢的事。
▲過去進行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。如：
tom was watching tv when i came in.我進來時，湯姆正在看電視。
she was then working in an army hospital.那時她在一家陸軍醫(yī)院工作。
at that time he was working in a laboratory.那時他在一家實驗室工作。
during the summer of she was travelling in europe.XX年夏天她在歐州旅行。
▲和現(xiàn)在進行時一樣，某些動詞如come，go，leave，stay等的過去進行時表示過去將來的動作。如：
she told me she was sending me some new stamps soon.她告訴我，不久她就會給我寄幾張新郵票來。
she knew the plane was taking off in five minutes.她知道飛機五分鐘后就要起飛了。
▲和現(xiàn)在進行時一樣，過去進行時與always，forever，continually，constantly，frequently連用時，表示過去的經(jīng)常性、習慣性動作，并帶說話者的某種感情，如贊美、厭惡等。如：
the two brothers were frequently quarrelling. 這倆兄弟老是吵架。
he was always complaining about something.他老是怨這怨那。
she was continually asking questions.她老是提問題。
【注】過去進行時與一般過去時的區(qū)別，前者表示一個正在進行的尚未完成的動作，而后者表示一個業(yè)已完成的動作。如：
she was writing letters.i didn’t want to disturb her.她在寫信，我不想打擾她。
she wrote several letters and asked me to post them.她寫了幾封信讓我寄出去。
it was raining this morning.今天早晨一直在下雨。