Unit 10 American literature (Grammar)
i had hoped to send him a christmas card, but i forgot to do so.
我本來希望寄一張圣誕卡給他的，但我忘了寄了。
we had thought to return early but he wouldn’t let us go.我們本想早點回來的，但他們不讓我們走。
she had intended to speak，but time did not permit.她本想發言，可時間不允許。
▲過去完成進行時
表示從過去某時開始，一直持續到過去的那個時刻的動作，該動作可能剛結束，也可能還要繼續。如：
i had been waiting in the room for half an hour before she called me in.
在她喊我進去之前，我已經在房間里等了半個小時。
she was out of breath.she had been running.她氣喘吁吁。她一直在跑來著。
jane was annoyed.peter had been phoning her every night.簡很不高興，彼得每晚給她打電話。
【注】請注意過去完成進行時與過去進行時的區別：
last night i was reading a novel when the bell rang.昨晚鈴響時，我正在讀一本小說。（當時正在讀）
last night i had been reading a novel when the bell rang.到昨晚鈴響時，我一直在讀一本小說。（一直在讀）
【注】請注意過去完成進行時或現在完成進行時的區別：前者表示到過去某個時刻還在進行，后者表示到現在還在進行。試比較：
he had been smoking for twenty years when he decided to give it up.
當他決定戒煙時，他已有二十年的煙齡了。
he has been smoking for twenty years.他已有二十年的煙齡了。（到現在為止）
【注】請注意過去完成進行時與過去完成時的區別：前者表示到過去某時為止動作一直在持續，未必完成，而后者表示動作已完成。試比較：
she said she had been writing her composition.她說她一直在寫作文。（可能尚未完成）
she said she had written her composition.她說她的作文已寫完了。（已完成）
▲將來完成時
表示將來某個時間之前已經完成的動作。如：
i’m sure he will have settled the problem before you arrive there.
我相信在你到那兒之前，這個問題他已經解決了。
on monday he’ll have been in america for three years.到星期一，他在美國就滿三年了。
the film will have started by the time we get to the cinema.我們到電影院時電影已開始�！�
by ten o’clock this evening，i shall have reviewed lessons.到今晚十點鐘，我將復習完功課了。
［語法專項訓練］
1.this exercise is easy and covers the main verb tenses and can be done on the internet, which interest the ss.
by the end of the year, she ___ with a degree in business.
already graduates
will have already graduated
has already graduated
answer b
as soon as i ___ home, it started to rain heavily.
get
got
will have gotten
answer b
we ___ the chance to visit many museums in paris last vacation.
had
had had
have had
answer a
i ___ on this project for days without success.
have been worked
have been working
had being worked
answer b
don't worry. she ___ by herself.
is used to living