Unit 6 Our Space
2. 引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:
連接詞:that, whether, if 不充當從句的任何成分
連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
連接副詞:when, where, how, why
3. 不可省略的連詞:
1). 介詞后的連詞
2). 引導主語從句、同位語從句和表語從句的連詞不可省略。
that she was chosen made us very happy.
we heard the news that our team had won.
4. whether與if的比較。 只能用whether 不能用if 引導的從句有:
主語從句、表語從句 、介詞后面賓語 以及含有"or not" 的從句.
5. that引導的名詞性從句
1)在從屬連詞that引導的從句中 that只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義。
2)當that引導主語從句時,通常用it作先行詞,而將that-從句置于句末,例如:
it is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整個計劃注定要失敗。
it's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
小結: 用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系:
a. it + be +形容詞+ that-從句
it is necessary that… 有必要……
it is important that… 重要的是……
it is obvious that… 很明顯……
b. it + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句
it is believed /thought/considered that… 人們相信……
it is known to all that… 從所周知……
it has been decided that… 已決定……
it is ordered/suggested/required/ demanded that +主語+should 人們吩咐/建議/要求…
c. it + be +名詞+ that-從句
it is common knowledge that… ……是常識
it is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
it is a fact that… 事實是……
d. it +不及物動詞+ that-分句
it appears/seems that… 似乎……
it happens that… 碰巧……
it occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
6. wh-詞引導的名詞性從句
1)wh-詞可以引導主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和形容詞賓語。wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。例如:
主語從句: how the book will sell depends on its author.
賓語從句:in one's own home one can do whatever one likes.
賓語從句:the club will give whoever wins a prize.
表語從句: my question is who will take over president of the foundation.
同位語從句: i have no idea when he will return.
形容詞賓語:i'm not sure why she refused their invitation.
賓語從句: that depends on where we shall go.
2)wh-詞引導主語從句時,也常用先行詞it做形式主語,而將wh-從句置于句末,例如:
it is not yet decided who will do that job. 還沒決定誰做這項工作。