2020高考英語(yǔ)備考 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

you ought to respect your parents.h e suggested that they should leave at once.（6）will / would①will 用于各種人稱表示“意志”、“意愿”或“決心”等，否定式won’t + 動(dòng)詞。如：i will tell you all about it.tom won’t do such a thing.②will用于疑問(wèn)句中，常用在第二稱時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢觥罢?qǐng)求”或“詢問(wèn)”如：will you please tell her the news when you see her?③will 表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有“總是”、“慣于”的含義。如：fish wil l die out of water.④would 表示客氣的請(qǐng)求、建議或意愿。如：would you please be quiet?would you like coffee?⑤would 表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：when i passed my school i would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.（7）needneed 作“必要”講，既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面的動(dòng)詞不定式要帶to，其變化與一般動(dòng)詞相同。如：i need to think it over.—need you go now?       —yes, i must./no, i needn’t （8）daredare表示“敢”的意思。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。dare若作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面可帶to的不定式，此時(shí)to也可以省略。dare與need的用法相似。如：how dare you say that?she doesn’t date(to)ask her father.（9）used toused to表示過(guò)去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的習(xí)慣，但現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在了。如：he used to smoke.（10 ）shall①shall作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于第二、三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威脅、強(qiáng)制”和“允許”等意思。如：we shall do a s our teacher says.you shall have the book as soon as i finish it.②在疑問(wèn)句中，shall用于征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示，常用于第一、第三人稱。如：where shall he wait for us?shall we go out for a walk?2、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)或判斷的用法下表即是表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用的場(chǎng)合：

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

對(duì)現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)的推測(cè)

對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)

使 用 場(chǎng) 合

mustmust + 動(dòng)詞原形must have done肯定句

may / mightmay / might + 動(dòng)詞原形may / might have done肯定句、否定句

can /couldcan / could docan / could have done否定句、疑問(wèn)名（could可用于肯定句）should用來(lái)表示一種估計(jì)的情況“按理會(huì)/估計(jì)會(huì)”should do/beshould have done肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句 例如：it must have rained last night.she may not be at home. = it is possible that she is not at home.she can’t be at home. = it is impossible that she is at home.they should be there right now.3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中表示責(zé)備的感情色彩，用法如下：（1）should have done表示“本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上未做”，而shouldn’t have done則表示“本不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。如： you should have told me about it earlier. you shouldn’t have said such words to your parents. （2）ought to have done也表示“本應(yīng)該……”而ought not to have done則意為“本不應(yīng)該……”。如： you ought to have told me about it earlier. you ought not to have said such words to your parents. （3）needn’t have done表示“本無(wú)必要做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。如： you needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough. （4）could have done表示“本來(lái)有可能……而事實(shí)上未做到”。如： i could have come on time, but my car broke on the way. ù二、精典名題導(dǎo)解 選擇填空 1. i was really anxious about you. you________home without a word. a.mustn’t have               b.shouldn’t have left c.couldn’t have left           d.needn’t have 解析：答案為b。本題考查的是情 態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的用法。題目給出的條件是“我確實(shí)非常擔(dān)心你”，因此后面可知應(yīng)是責(zé)備you不應(yīng)該沒(méi)說(shuō)一句話就離開(kāi) 了。 2.—are you coming to jeff’s party? —i’m not sure. i __________ go to the concert instead. a.must           b.would          c.should           d.might 解析：答案為d。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。由題目中“i’m not sure”,表明我可能去jeff’s party，也可能去音樂(lè)會(huì)，故用might。 3. —will you stay for lunch? —sorry, ____________. my brother is coming to see me. a.i mustn’t        b.i can’t          c.i needn’t         d.i won’t 解析：答案為b。本題考查表示請(qǐng)求的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)，用will來(lái)向第二人稱提問(wèn)的疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)，是表示一種請(qǐng)求和意愿，是用疑問(wèn)的形式來(lái)表達(dá)較為婉轉(zhuǎn)的祈使語(yǔ)氣，意思是“請(qǐng)你……，好嗎”，對(duì)于這種問(wèn)句的肯定回答是：suree! gertainly! yes, of course. i’d be glad to 等；否定回答通常是：i’m sorry, i can’t. no, i’m afraid i can’t. i’m sorry, but … i’d like to, but …等。注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表客氣的用法及其在一般疑問(wèn)句中的問(wèn)與答。 4.—isn’t that ann’s husband over there?  —no, it         be him i’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. a. can’t         b. must not         c. won’t        d. may not 解析：答案為a。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)。問(wèn)：那邊的難道不是ann的丈夫嗎？答：不是。不可能是他，我確信他不戴眼鏡。 5.you          be tired－you’ve only been working for an hour. a. must not      b. won’t           c. can’t         d. may not 解析：答案為c。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句中破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容對(duì)前一句進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明：你只工作了一個(gè)小時(shí)，所以你不可能累的。表否定推測(cè)時(shí)用can’t。a項(xiàng)表禁止（不許），b項(xiàng)表未來(lái)，d 項(xiàng)表不允許。均不可用，故選c。 6.i often see lights in that empty house. do you think i         report it to the police？ a. should     b. whatever       c. whichever     d. whenever 解析：答案為a。本題考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。在空房子里看到燈光，是一件奇怪而令人生疑的事，故問(wèn)：你是否認(rèn)為我應(yīng)當(dāng)把這事兒報(bào)告給警察？應(yīng)用a。