unin 14 Roots教學(xué)目標(biāo)（精選4篇）

unin 14 Roots教學(xué)目標(biāo) 篇1

　　一、教學(xué)目標(biāo) 與要求

　　通過本單元教學(xué)，學(xué)生應(yīng)能熟練地運(yùn)用表示“希望、意愿、祝愿”的常用語；復(fù)習(xí)it的用法；了解19世紀(jì)歐美白人捕捉和販運(yùn)黑人作奴隸及虐待他們的罪惡歷史。

　　二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)

　　1.重點(diǎn)詞匯

　　become of, once in a while, provide, the moment, go back, role, reason

　　2.重點(diǎn)句型

　　1)Born a free man, he was now in Chairs.

　　2)What shocked him most was that the man who carried him were black.

　　3)Worse was to come.

　　4)All he knew was that his African ancestor taught his son and grandson the words in his own language for “river” and “guitar”!

　　3.語法it的用法

　　1)There's a knock at the door.Who is it?

　　2)It's a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?

　　3)It is/has been three years since we last met.

　　4)It is necessary for you to do so.

　　5)It was in the street that I met him this morning.

　　教學(xué)建議

　　教學(xué)教法：高三下學(xué)期，教師按部就班的講課文是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。但高三下冊書里卻有很多精彩的文章及詞匯，舍棄又未免可惜。把課文當(dāng)作聽力來上，即鍛煉了聽力，又培養(yǎng)了語感。如果聽力與寫作結(jié)合，學(xué)生的進(jìn)步會更快。 寫作可以練習(xí)聽后寫大意（main idea），寫相關(guān)內(nèi)容的文章。對于精彩段落，還可以練習(xí)聽寫整個段落。

　　詞語辨析：

　　1.the moment

　　the moment作連詞時和as soon as用法相當(dāng)，用來引出一個時間狀語從句。如：

　　I recognized Jack the moment he appeared in the street. 杰克在街上一露面，我就認(rèn)出來了。

　　The moment (that) he said it he knew what a mistake he had made. 他一開口說那事，就知道自己犯了什么樣的錯誤。

　　類似的名詞除the moment 外, 如the minute，the second也可作連詞用。在英國英語中 immediately也可作連詞用，和as soon as用法一樣。如：

　　I’ll tell him the minute (that) he gets here. 他一到達(dá)那兒，我就告訴他。

　　I left immediately the clock struck twelve. 鐘一敲十二點(diǎn)我就離開了。

　　Please let me know immediately you get the results. 你一得到結(jié)果，請立即告訴我。

　　2.for和because的區(qū)別

　　for 和because都表示原因，但because是從屬連詞，連接原因狀語從句，表示直接的，根本的理由；for是并列連詞，連接兩個并列分句，表示附加的推斷的理由。如：

　　The light went out, because the oil was out. 因為油用完了，所以燈滅了。（直接的原因）

　　The oil must be out, for the light went out. 油想必用完了，因為燈滅了。（推斷的理由）

　　3. be + to – v 常用來表示不可避免要發(fā)生的事，注定后來要發(fā)生的事。

　　They said goodbye, not knowing that they were never to meet again.

　　他們互相告別，不知道永遠(yuǎn)不可能再見面了。

　　The worst is still to come. 最嚴(yán)重的事情注定要發(fā)生的。

　　be + to-v 還常表示計劃、打算或安排好做某事，應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該做某事以及能不能做某事。如：

　　That book of yours is to appear next month. (=That book of yours is going to appear next month. )

　　你那本書將于下月出版。

　　You are not to smoke in the offices. (==You should not smoke in the offices. ) 你們不得在辦公室吸煙。

　　What am I to do? ( =What should I /can I do?) 我該怎么辦？

　　4.if only引起的句子表示一種難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，句子謂語要用虛擬語氣。如：

　　It only he had had more courage! 要是他更勇敢些就好了！

　　If only she didn’t drive so fast! 但愿她開車不要太快！

　　If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停下來就好了！

　　5.make up one's mind, decide, determine

　　l）make up one's mini“決心；認(rèn)定”，后接不定式或that從句，mind隨人稱而變化。如：

　　We've made up our minds to devote our lives to serving the people heart and soul.

　　2）decide指經(jīng)過考慮或討論研究作出決定，后接不定式，介詞 on/up on或從句。如：

　　He decided on taking the position at the bank. ==He decided to take the position at the bank.

　　3）determine“決心、堅決”，側(cè)重表示決心已下定，任何力量都動搖不了這種決心。其后常接不定式，也可接on/upon + ing。如：

　　His mother has determined to give him a chance.

　　6.seize，take，grasp，arrest

　　1）seize“抓住”有猛然抓住并不脫手之意。如：

　　The policeman seized the thief by the collar.

　　2）take“抓住”，屬一般用語。如：

　　He took his girl friend by the arm.

　　3）grasp“抓住，抓緊；抱住；理解，領(lǐng)會”。如：

　　Grasp the rope and I'll pull you up.

　　I didn't quite grasp your meaning

　　4）arrest側(cè)重于“逮捕；扣留；防止。”如：

　　He was arrested In suspicion of having murdered the girl.

　　This newly developed drug has arrested his cancer.

　　7.give out, give away, give back, give forth, give in, give off, give over, give up

　　（l）give out放出、發(fā)生；宣稱，公布，發(fā)表；分配，分發(fā)；用完，耗盡；精疲力竭。如：

　　The nurse's patience at last gave out.

　　（2）give away贈送；出賣；泄露/give back歸還；返射/give forth放出，發(fā)出（聲音，氣味等）；發(fā)表，公布give in投降；屈服，讓步；交上/give off發(fā)出（蒸氣、光、煙等）/give over移交，交托/give up讓給；放棄，拋棄。

　　8. Once on the boat, they were taken below and their chains were fixed to bars that ran the length of the ship.

　　run在這里為引申含義，作“擴(kuò)展，延伸”解。如：

　　The road runs along the river. 那條道路沿著河流延伸。

　　The shelves run round the wall. 書架繞墻而立。

　　9.All he knew was that his African ancestor taught his son and grandson the words in his own language for "river" and "guitar".

　　這是一個主從復(fù)合句。All the knew是主語，其中all后省略了關(guān)系代詞that，he knew是定活從句。連詞that后引導(dǎo)一個表語從句。

　　He can do all he could to help me. 他會盡其所能來幫助我。 (all that he could中的all that 可省略)

unin 14 Roots教學(xué)目標(biāo) 篇2

　　一、教學(xué)目標(biāo) 與要求

　　通過本單元教學(xué)，學(xué)生應(yīng)能熟練地運(yùn)用表示“希望、意愿、祝愿”的常用語；復(fù)習(xí)it的用法；了解19世紀(jì)歐美白人捕捉和販運(yùn)黑人作奴隸及虐待他們的罪惡歷史。

　　二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)

　　1.重點(diǎn)詞匯

　　become of, once in a while, provide, the moment, go back, role, reason

　　2.重點(diǎn)句型

　　1)Born a free man, he was now in Chairs.

　　2)What shocked him most was that the man who carried him were black.

　　3)Worse was to come.

　　4)All he knew was that his African ancestor taught his son and grandson the words in his own language for “river” and “guitar”!

　　3.語法it的用法

　　1)There's a knock at the door.Who is it?

　　2)It's a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?

　　3)It is/has been three years since we last met.

　　4)It is necessary for you to do so.

　　5)It was in the street that I met him this morning.

　　教學(xué)建議

　　教學(xué)教法：高三下學(xué)期，教師按部就班的講課文是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。但高三下冊書里卻有很多精彩的文章及詞匯，舍棄又未免可惜。把課文當(dāng)作聽力來上，即鍛煉了聽力，又培養(yǎng)了語感。如果聽力與寫作結(jié)合，學(xué)生的進(jìn)步會更快。 寫作可以練習(xí)聽后寫大意（main idea），寫相關(guān)內(nèi)容的文章。對于精彩段落，還可以練習(xí)聽寫整個段落。

　　詞語辨析：

　　1.the moment

　　the moment作連詞時和as soon as用法相當(dāng)，用來引出一個時間狀語從句。如：

　　I recognized Jack the moment he appeared in the street. 杰克在街上一露面，我就認(rèn)出來了。

　　The moment (that) he said it he knew what a mistake he had made. 他一開口說那事，就知道自己犯了什么樣的錯誤。

　　類似的名詞除the moment 外, 如the minute，the second也可作連詞用。在英國英語中 immediately也可作連詞用，和as soon as用法一樣。如：

　　I’ll tell him the minute (that) he gets here. 他一到達(dá)那兒，我就告訴他。

　　I left immediately the clock struck twelve. 鐘一敲十二點(diǎn)我就離開了。

　　Please let me know immediately you get the results. 你一得到結(jié)果，請立即告訴我。

　　2.for和because的區(qū)別

　　for 和because都表示原因，但because是從屬連詞，連接原因狀語從句，表示直接的，根本的理由；for是并列連詞，連接兩個并列分句，表示附加的推斷的理由。如：

　　The light went out, because the oil was out. 因為油用完了，所以燈滅了。（直接的原因）

　　The oil must be out, for the light went out. 油想必用完了，因為燈滅了。（推斷的理由）

　　3. be + to – v 常用來表示不可避免要發(fā)生的事，注定后來要發(fā)生的事。

　　They said goodbye, not knowing that they were never to meet again.

　　他們互相告別，不知道永遠(yuǎn)不可能再見面了。

　　The worst is still to come. 最嚴(yán)重的事情注定要發(fā)生的。

　　be + to-v 還常表示計劃、打算或安排好做某事，應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該做某事以及能不能做某事。如：

　　That book of yours is to appear next month. (=That book of yours is going to appear next month. )

　　你那本書將于下月出版。

　　You are not to smoke in the offices. (==You should not smoke in the offices. ) 你們不得在辦公室吸煙。

　　What am I to do? ( =What should I /can I do?) 我該怎么辦？

　　4.if only引起的句子表示一種難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，句子謂語要用虛擬語氣。如：

　　It only he had had more courage! 要是他更勇敢些就好了！

　　If only she didn’t drive so fast! 但愿她開車不要太快！

　　If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停下來就好了！

　　5.make up one's mind, decide, determine

　　l）make up one's mini“決心；認(rèn)定”，后接不定式或that從句，mind隨人稱而變化。如：

　　We've made up our minds to devote our lives to serving the people heart and soul.

　　2）decide指經(jīng)過考慮或討論研究作出決定，后接不定式，介詞 on/up on或從句。如：

　　He decided on taking the position at the bank. ==He decided to take the position at the bank.

　　3）determine“決心、堅決”，側(cè)重表示決心已下定，任何力量都動搖不了這種決心。其后常接不定式，也可接on/upon + ing。如：

　　His mother has determined to give him a chance.

　　6.seize，take，grasp，arrest

　　1）seize“抓住”有猛然抓住并不脫手之意。如：

　　The policeman seized the thief by the collar.

　　2）take“抓住”，屬一般用語。如：

　　He took his girl friend by the arm.

　　3）grasp“抓住，抓緊；抱住；理解，領(lǐng)會”。如：

　　Grasp the rope and I'll pull you up.

　　I didn't quite grasp your meaning

　　4）arrest側(cè)重于“逮捕；扣留；防止。”如：

　　He was arrested In suspicion of having murdered the girl.

　　This newly developed drug has arrested his cancer.

　　7.give out, give away, give back, give forth, give in, give off, give over, give up

　　（l）give out放出、發(fā)生；宣稱，公布，發(fā)表；分配，分發(fā)；用完，耗盡；精疲力竭。如：

　　The nurse's patience at last gave out.

　　（2）give away贈送；出賣；泄露/give back歸還；返射/give forth放出，發(fā)出（聲音，氣味等）；發(fā)表，公布give in投降；屈服，讓步；交上/give off發(fā)出（蒸氣、光、煙等）/give over移交，交托/give up讓給；放棄，拋棄。

　　8. Once on the boat, they were taken below and their chains were fixed to bars that ran the length of the ship.

　　run在這里為引申含義，作“擴(kuò)展，延伸”解。如：

　　The road runs along the river. 那條道路沿著河流延伸。

　　The shelves run round the wall. 書架繞墻而立。

　　9.All he knew was that his African ancestor taught his son and grandson the words in his own language for "river" and "guitar".

　　這是一個主從復(fù)合句。All the knew是主語，其中all后省略了關(guān)系代詞that，he knew是定活從句。連詞that后引導(dǎo)一個表語從句。

　　He can do all he could to help me. 他會盡其所能來幫助我。 (all that he could中的all that 可省略)

unin 14 Roots教學(xué)目標(biāo) 篇3

　　一、教學(xué)目標(biāo) 與要求

　　通過本單元教學(xué)，學(xué)生應(yīng)能熟練地運(yùn)用表示“希望、意愿、祝愿”的常用語；復(fù)習(xí)it的用法；了解19世紀(jì)歐美白人捕捉和販運(yùn)黑人作奴隸及虐待他們的罪惡歷史。

　　二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)

　　1.重點(diǎn)詞匯

　　become of, once in a while, provide, the moment, go back, role, reason

　　2.重點(diǎn)句型

　　1)Born a free man, he was now in Chairs.

　　2)What shocked him most was that the man who carried him were black.

　　3)Worse was to come.

　　4)All he knew was that his African ancestor taught his son and grandson the words in his own language for “river” and “guitar”!

　　3.語法it的用法

　　1)There's a knock at the door.Who is it?

　　2)It's a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?

　　3)It is/has been three years since we last met.

　　4)It is necessary for you to do so.

　　5)It was in the street that I met him this morning.

　　教學(xué)建議

　　教學(xué)教法：高三下學(xué)期，教師按部就班的講課文是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。但高三下冊書里卻有很多精彩的文章及詞匯，舍棄又未免可惜。把課文當(dāng)作聽力來上，即鍛煉了聽力，又培養(yǎng)了語感。如果聽力與寫作結(jié)合，學(xué)生的進(jìn)步會更快。 寫作可以練習(xí)聽后寫大意（main idea），寫相關(guān)內(nèi)容的文章。對于精彩段落，還可以練習(xí)聽寫整個段落。

　　詞語辨析：

　　1.the moment

　　the moment作連詞時和as soon as用法相當(dāng)，用來引出一個時間狀語從句。如：

　　I recognized Jack the moment he appeared in the street. 杰克在街上一露面，我就認(rèn)出來了。

　　The moment (that) he said it he knew what a mistake he had made. 他一開口說那事，就知道自己犯了什么樣的錯誤。

　　類似的名詞除the moment 外, 如the minute，the second也可作連詞用。在英國英語中 immediately也可作連詞用，和as soon as用法一樣。如：

　　I’ll tell him the minute (that) he gets here. 他一到達(dá)那兒，我就告訴他。

　　I left immediately the clock struck twelve. 鐘一敲十二點(diǎn)我就離開了。

　　Please let me know immediately you get the results. 你一得到結(jié)果，請立即告訴我。

　　2.for和because的區(qū)別

　　for 和because都表示原因，但because是從屬連詞，連接原因狀語從句，表示直接的，根本的理由；for是并列連詞，連接兩個并列分句，表示附加的推斷的理由。如：

　　The light went out, because the oil was out. 因為油用完了，所以燈滅了。（直接的原因）

　　The oil must be out, for the light went out. 油想必用完了，因為燈滅了。（推斷的理由）

　　3. be + to – v 常用來表示不可避免要發(fā)生的事，注定后來要發(fā)生的事。

　　They said goodbye, not knowing that they were never to meet again.

　　他們互相告別，不知道永遠(yuǎn)不可能再見面了。

　　The worst is still to come. 最嚴(yán)重的事情注定要發(fā)生的。

　　be + to-v 還常表示計劃、打算或安排好做某事，應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該做某事以及能不能做某事。如：

　　That book of yours is to appear next month. (=That book of yours is going to appear next month. )

　　你那本書將于下月出版。

　　You are not to smoke in the offices. (==You should not smoke in the offices. ) 你們不得在辦公室吸煙。

　　What am I to do? ( =What should I /can I do?) 我該怎么辦？

　　4.if only引起的句子表示一種難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，句子謂語要用虛擬語氣。如：

　　It only he had had more courage! 要是他更勇敢些就好了！

　　If only she didn’t drive so fast! 但愿她開車不要太快！

　　If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停下來就好了！

　　5.make up one's mind, decide, determine

　　l）make up one's mini“決心；認(rèn)定”，后接不定式或that從句，mind隨人稱而變化。如：

　　We've made up our minds to devote our lives to serving the people heart and soul.

　　2）decide指經(jīng)過考慮或討論研究作出決定，后接不定式，介詞 on/up on或從句。如：

　　He decided on taking the position at the bank. ==He decided to take the position at the bank.

　　3）determine“決心、堅決”，側(cè)重表示決心已下定，任何力量都動搖不了這種決心。其后常接不定式，也可接on/upon + ing。如：

　　His mother has determined to give him a chance.

　　6.seize，take，grasp，arrest

　　1）seize“抓住”有猛然抓住并不脫手之意。如：

　　The policeman seized the thief by the collar.

　　2）take“抓住”，屬一般用語。如：

　　He took his girl friend by the arm.

　　3）grasp“抓住，抓緊；抱住；理解，領(lǐng)會”。如：

　　Grasp the rope and I'll pull you up.

　　I didn't quite grasp your meaning

　　4）arrest側(cè)重于“逮捕；扣留；防止。”如：

　　He was arrested In suspicion of having murdered the girl.

　　This newly developed drug has arrested his cancer.

　　7.give out, give away, give back, give forth, give in, give off, give over, give up

　　（l）give out放出、發(fā)生；宣稱，公布，發(fā)表；分配，分發(fā)；用完，耗盡；精疲力竭。如：

　　The nurse's patience at last gave out.

　　（2）give away贈送；出賣；泄露/give back歸還；返射/give forth放出，發(fā)出（聲音，氣味等）；發(fā)表，公布give in投降；屈服，讓步；交上/give off發(fā)出（蒸氣、光、煙等）/give over移交，交托/give up讓給；放棄，拋棄。

　　8. Once on the boat, they were taken below and their chains were fixed to bars that ran the length of the ship.

　　run在這里為引申含義，作“擴(kuò)展，延伸”解。如：

　　The road runs along the river. 那條道路沿著河流延伸。

　　The shelves run round the wall. 書架繞墻而立。

　　9.All he knew was that his African ancestor taught his son and grandson the words in his own language for "river" and "guitar".

　　這是一個主從復(fù)合句。All the knew是主語，其中all后省略了關(guān)系代詞that，he knew是定活從句。連詞that后引導(dǎo)一個表語從句。

　　He can do all he could to help me. 他會盡其所能來幫助我。 (all that he could中的all that 可省略)

unin 14 Roots教學(xué)目標(biāo) 篇4

　　一、教學(xué)目標(biāo) 與要求

　　通過本單元教學(xué)，學(xué)生應(yīng)能熟練地運(yùn)用表示“希望、意愿、祝愿”的常用語；復(fù)習(xí)it的用法；了解19世紀(jì)歐美白人捕捉和販運(yùn)黑人作奴隸及虐待他們的罪惡歷史。

　　二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)

　　1.重點(diǎn)詞匯

　　become of, once in a while, provide, the moment, go back, role, reason

　　2.重點(diǎn)句型

　　1)Born a free man, he was now in Chairs.

　　2)What shocked him most was that the man who carried him were black.

　　3)Worse was to come.

　　4)All he knew was that his African ancestor taught his son and grandson the words in his own language for “river” and “guitar”!

　　3.語法it的用法

　　1)There's a knock at the door.Who is it?

　　2)It's a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?

　　3)It is/has been three years since we last met.

　　4)It is necessary for you to do so.

　　5)It was in the street that I met him this morning.

　　教學(xué)建議

　　教學(xué)教法：高三下學(xué)期，教師按部就班的講課文是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。但高三下冊書里卻有很多精彩的文章及詞匯，舍棄又未免可惜。把課文當(dāng)作聽力來上，即鍛煉了聽力，又培養(yǎng)了語感。如果聽力與寫作結(jié)合，學(xué)生的進(jìn)步會更快。 寫作可以練習(xí)聽后寫大意（main idea），寫相關(guān)內(nèi)容的文章。對于精彩段落，還可以練習(xí)聽寫整個段落。

　　詞語辨析：

　　1.the moment

　　the moment作連詞時和as soon as用法相當(dāng)，用來引出一個時間狀語從句。如：

　　I recognized Jack the moment he appeared in the street. 杰克在街上一露面，我就認(rèn)出來了。

　　The moment (that) he said it he knew what a mistake he had made. 他一開口說那事，就知道自己犯了什么樣的錯誤。

　　類似的名詞除the moment 外, 如the minute，the second也可作連詞用。在英國英語中 immediately也可作連詞用，和as soon as用法一樣。如：

　　I’ll tell him the minute (that) he gets here. 他一到達(dá)那兒，我就告訴他。

　　I left immediately the clock struck twelve. 鐘一敲十二點(diǎn)我就離開了。

　　Please let me know immediately you get the results. 你一得到結(jié)果，請立即告訴我。

　　2.for和because的區(qū)別

　　for 和because都表示原因，但because是從屬連詞，連接原因狀語從句，表示直接的，根本的理由；for是并列連詞，連接兩個并列分句，表示附加的推斷的理由。如：

　　The light went out, because the oil was out. 因為油用完了，所以燈滅了。（直接的原因）

　　The oil must be out, for the light went out. 油想必用完了，因為燈滅了。（推斷的理由）

　　3. be + to – v 常用來表示不可避免要發(fā)生的事，注定后來要發(fā)生的事。

　　They said goodbye, not knowing that they were never to meet again.

　　他們互相告別，不知道永遠(yuǎn)不可能再見面了。

　　The worst is still to come. 最嚴(yán)重的事情注定要發(fā)生的。

　　be + to-v 還常表示計劃、打算或安排好做某事，應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該做某事以及能不能做某事。如：

　　That book of yours is to appear next month. (=That book of yours is going to appear next month. )

　　你那本書將于下月出版。

　　You are not to smoke in the offices. (==You should not smoke in the offices. ) 你們不得在辦公室吸煙。

　　What am I to do? ( =What should I /can I do?) 我該怎么辦？

　　4.if only引起的句子表示一種難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，句子謂語要用虛擬語氣。如：

　　It only he had had more courage! 要是他更勇敢些就好了！

　　If only she didn’t drive so fast! 但愿她開車不要太快！

　　If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停下來就好了！

　　5.make up one's mind, decide, determine

　　l）make up one's mini“決心；認(rèn)定”，后接不定式或that從句，mind隨人稱而變化。如：

　　We've made up our minds to devote our lives to serving the people heart and soul.

　　2）decide指經(jīng)過考慮或討論研究作出決定，后接不定式，介詞 on/up on或從句。如：

　　He decided on taking the position at the bank. ==He decided to take the position at the bank.

　　3）determine“決心、堅決”，側(cè)重表示決心已下定，任何力量都動搖不了這種決心。其后常接不定式，也可接on/upon + ing。如：

　　His mother has determined to give him a chance.

　　6.seize，take，grasp，arrest

　　1）seize“抓住”有猛然抓住并不脫手之意。如：

　　The policeman seized the thief by the collar.

　　2）take“抓住”，屬一般用語。如：

　　He took his girl friend by the arm.

　　3）grasp“抓住，抓緊；抱住；理解，領(lǐng)會”。如：

　　Grasp the rope and I'll pull you up.

　　I didn't quite grasp your meaning

　　4）arrest側(cè)重于“逮捕；扣留；防止。”如：

　　He was arrested In suspicion of having murdered the girl.

　　This newly developed drug has arrested his cancer.

　　7.give out, give away, give back, give forth, give in, give off, give over, give up

　　（l）give out放出、發(fā)生；宣稱，公布，發(fā)表；分配，分發(fā)；用完，耗盡；精疲力竭。如：

　　The nurse's patience at last gave out.

　　（2）give away贈送；出賣；泄露/give back歸還；返射/give forth放出，發(fā)出（聲音，氣味等）；發(fā)表，公布give in投降；屈服，讓步；交上/give off發(fā)出（蒸氣、光、煙等）/give over移交，交托/give up讓給；放棄，拋棄。

　　8. Once on the boat, they were taken below and their chains were fixed to bars that ran the length of the ship.

　　run在這里為引申含義，作“擴(kuò)展，延伸”解。如：

　　The road runs along the river. 那條道路沿著河流延伸。

　　The shelves run round the wall. 書架繞墻而立。

　　9.All he knew was that his African ancestor taught his son and grandson the words in his own language for "river" and "guitar".

　　這是一個主從復(fù)合句。All the knew是主語，其中all后省略了關(guān)系代詞that，he knew是定活從句。連詞that后引導(dǎo)一個表語從句。

　　He can do all he could to help me. 他會盡其所能來幫助我。 (all that he could中的all that 可省略)