Unit 1  friendship

t: in the last lesson, we learned anne frank’s story. she is telling her stories to two of her friends—you and tom. tom has something wrong with his ears,so you have to repeat anne’s sentences, using indirect speech. sometimes you explain tom’s sentences to anne.“i have to stay in the hiding place.” said anne. →anne said she had to stay in the hiding place.“do you feel sad when you are not able to go outdoors?” tom asked anne. →tom asked anne if/whether she felt sad when she was not able to go outdoors.“i don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said anne.→anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.“what do you call your diary?” tom asked. →tom asked what she called her diary.ss go on this topic by themselves.step2  grammart: now let’s look at these sentences again. if we want to change direct speech into indirect speech, what should be changed?ss discuss by themselves.ss: sentence structures, tenses, pronouns, adverbials of time and place and verbs should be changed.t: quite right. look at the form on the screen. these are the rules.直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：人稱變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化、賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 1.直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由連詞that 引導(dǎo)。例如：　　she said, "i am very happy to help you."→　　she said that she was very happy to help you.2. 直接引語(yǔ)是一般/選擇疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由連詞whether或if 引導(dǎo)。例如：　　he asked me, "do you like playing football?"→　　he asked me if/whether i liked playing football.注意：大多數(shù)情況下，if和whether 可以互換，但后有or not,或在動(dòng)詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時(shí)，一般只用whether。例如：　　she asked me whether he could do it or not.　　3. 直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由相應(yīng)的疑問(wèn)詞who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引導(dǎo)。例如：　　my sister asked me, "how do you like the film?"→　　my sister asked me how i liked the film.4. 直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式，并在動(dòng)詞不定式前加tell, ask, order 等的賓語(yǔ)。例如：　　the captain ordered, "be quiet."→　　the captain ordered us to be quiet.　　注意：此種情況的否定句，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。　　my teacher asked me, "don't laugh."→　　my teacher asked me not to laugh.5. 一些注意事項(xiàng)(1)間接引語(yǔ)一般要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即主、謂、賓的順序。例如： 　　he asked lucy, "where did you go?"→　　he asked lucy where she went.　　tom said, "what do you want, ann?"→　　tom asked ann what she wanted.(2)直接引語(yǔ)是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理等，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如：