英語教案－Earthquakes

教學目標 

Important vocabularies
Shake, while, sound, scientist, point, movement, fall off, for a while, for ever, a (large ) number of, cut off, stay up，plate, hit, bookstore.
Daily expressions:
Were you in ……?
Sure I was. I ll never forget that.
Very strange. It sounded like……
What happened next?
What was it like?
Useful phrases:
The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more then it was in 1906.
The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250000.
Grammar:
The usage of pronouns in the Attributive sentences.
Who/ whom/ which/ that……

 教學建議

能力訓練：
運用所學的語言，圍繞地震這個題材，開展聽說寫的活動；閱讀課文“Earthquake，了解有關地震的基本知識，完成有關課文內容的練習。并進一步練習間接引語的用法。
師生互動活動：
Lesson 25: 口頭練習，對話交際功能-----日常生活用語的練習。
Lesson 26---27: 聽力和閱讀相結合，理解全文的意思。
Lesson 28: 口頭和筆頭練習相結合，寫一篇關于地震的文章。
教材分析
本單元對話引出地震這個話題。對話中提到了地震的時候的現象和人的感受。本單元的閱讀課文是了解發生在San Francisco地區的嚴重地震場景和有關地震發生時的基本常識。同時在文章里有一些重要的語法知識，如定語從句的使用：A wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below. etc.
重點知識講解：
1.What does quake means , as in the word earthquake?
像 earthquake 這個詞中的quake是什么意思？
As in the word earthquake 是個省略結構，完整的說法為：as it does in the word earthquake. as 在此為連詞，表示“如“的意思。
It sounded like a train that was going under my house. 那聲音聽起來就像有一列火車在我的房子底下開過似的。
sound 為系動詞，后接名詞、介詞短語做表語，意思是“聽起來”。
Your idea sounds (like ) a good one.你的注意聽起來不錯。
What he said sounded like a fairy-tale.他所說的話聽起來就像神話故事。
表示“聽起來像什么”的時候，用sound like….。like 在此是介詞表示“像”的意思。類似于sound的常用系動詞還有：feel, taste, smell, look.
例如：
Cotton feels very soft. 棉花摸起來很柔軟。
It looks like a beautiful picture. 那看上去就像一幅美麗的畫。
2.I was in the kitchen cooking something and I felt the floor move. 我當時正在廚房里作飯，我覺得地板動了一下。
cooking something 在本句中為現在分詞短語做伴隨狀語。
句中的move是省略了to 的不定式，做賓語補足語。動詞feel的賓語補足語可以是動詞原形，也可以是動詞的ing形式或過去分詞形式。
例如：
When I heard his words, I felt my heart beating faster.聽了他的話，我感到心跳加快了。
He felt someone knock at the door. 他感到有人敲了一下門。
he boy felt his back patted by someone. 那個男孩子感到有人拍了他的脊背。
3. And then I watched all the glasses on the table fall off onto the floor. 后來我觀察到桌子上所有玻璃杯子掉到了地板上。
辨析：fall off / fall down
fall off 表示“從。。。。上落下或掉下”。off為介詞或副詞。fall down的意思是“倒塌、掉下”，不強調落物的來處。
例如：
I saw him fall off his horse.我看到他從馬上掉了下來。
Flowers fell off to the ground. 花兒凋謝了，落到了地上。
Autumn comes and leaves are falling off the trees. 秋天到了，落葉紛紛。
A stone fell down in the earthquake. 一塊石頭落了下來，砸中了他。
The old house fell down in the earthquake. 老房子在地震中倒塌了。
4.A great part of the city was destroyed and a large number of buildings were burnt.城市的大部分地區被摧毀，許許多多建筑物被火吞噬。
A number of 相當于many.意思為“許多”，后跟可數名詞的復數形式。短語中的number前可以由large / small來修飾，構成a large / great / small number of 短語。
例如：
1）A number of people were killed in the traffic accident. 有許多人在那場車禍中喪生。
2）A large number of students went to see Mr. Zhang when he was ill.張老師生病的時候有許多的學生去看望他。
Only a small number of people are against this plan.只有少數人反對這個計劃。
辨析：a number of / the number of
a number of 意思為“許多”。中心詞為of后面的復數形式。
the number of 的意思為 “…的數量”，中心詞為number，因此，“the number of +復數名詞”，做主語時謂語動詞為單數第三人稱形式。
例如：
The number of books in our library is going up.我們圖書館里的藏書數量正在上升。
The number of the students in our class is 57. 我們班的學生人數為57人。
A number of students are playing football on the playground. 許多的學生在操場上踢足球。
5.The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250000. 無家可歸的人數達到25萬。
短語“as many as” 意思為“和…一樣多，多達”，修飾可數名詞；as much as 與as many as 意思相同，但是修飾不可數名詞。類似的表達法還有：
as long as 長達 as high as 高達 as wide as 寬達
The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings. 那場大火燒毀的房屋達到20之多。
He lost as much as 1000 yuan . 他丟的錢多達1000元。
The film lasts as long as two hours. 這部電影長達2個小時。
The mountain reaches as high as 2000 metres. 那座山高達2000米。
The road is as wide as 10 metres. 這條路寬達10米。
6.辨析：as / when / while
這三個詞都有“當……的時候”的意思。但用法稍有不同。
as強調“一邊……一邊……”或是“與……同時，側重表示主句的動作同時發生。
when既可以表示時間地點也可以表示時間段。
while只表示時間段，不表示時間點。它后面必須是延續性的動詞，而且多為進行時態。當從句的謂語的動詞為延續性動詞時三者都可以替換使用。
例如：
When I got home, he was having supper. 我到家的時候，他正在吃晚飯。
I liked dancing when I was young. 我年輕時喜歡跳舞。
They talked as they walked. 他們邊走邊談。
A thief broke in as / while / when I was sleeping.在我睡覺的時候小偷闖了進來。
While / When/ As we were still laughing, the teacher came in. 當我們仍還在大笑，老師進來了。
Strike the iron while it is hot. 趁熱打鐵。
8.A wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell into the one below,. Many people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky ones were not hurt.一座以立交橋車輛川流不息的馬路塌陷到橋下面的路面上。很多人被壓死在自己的車里，但是也有少數幸運的人沒有受傷。
這兩個句子中one(s)是代詞，用來代替或是避免重復上文提到的名詞。one只可替代可數名詞，其復數形式為ones. 第一句中的one代替road，第二句中的ones代替people。
例如：
If the earthquake is a big one, a great part of the city will be destroyed. 如果那是個大地震的話，城市的大部分地區將要被毀掉。
I would like a pound of apples, the red ones. 我要一英鎊蘋果，紅蘋果。
He had no excuse for his being late, but he had to fine one. 他遲到找不著借口，但是他必須找一個。
If you dont like these cups, I have other ones. 要是你不喜歡這些杯子，我還有別的。
9.Third, you must make the houses as strong as possible. 第三，應該把房屋建的盡可能結實。
As…as possible是個固定搭配，中間可加形容詞或副詞，意思為“盡可能的…”。
例如：
He had his breakfast as quickly as possible. 他盡可能快的吃了早飯。
Please come as early as possible tomorrow. 明天請盡可能早來。
They keep the classroom as clean as possible.他們盡可能的保持教室清潔。
12.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake , but strong ones may stay up. 不結實的建筑物會在地震中倒塌，而結實的建筑物則可能安然無恙。
短語stay up 的意思是“挺立，站立，熬夜”等。
例如：
You must stay up in time of difficulty. 困難面前你必須要挺住。
He stayed up all night. 他通宵未睡。
He has been working for almost a whole day, but he can stay up. 他干了快一整天了，但是還是挺得住。
10.time表示倍數的用法
在此句中表示倍數，其前面的數詞用基數詞。常用的倍數表示法有以下幾種：
1.A is three (four/ five….) times bigger (more/ longer/ higher….) than B. A 比B大（多/高/長…）三（四/五…）倍。
例如：
The new bridge is three times longer then the old one. 新橋比舊橋長三倍。
At least the train runs six times faster then the boat. 火車的速度至少比小船快6倍。
The meeting-room is four times bigger than ours. 這個會議室比我們的大四倍。
2.A is three ( four/ five…) times as big (much/ many/ long/ high…) as B. A比B大（多/長/高。。。）兩倍或者是A是B的三（四/五……）倍大（多/長/高……）
例如：
Line A is five times as long as Line B. 線段A比線段B長四倍。（或是線段A是線段B的五倍長）
Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲比歐洲大三倍。
This building is three times as high as that one. 這棟樓房比那一棟高2倍。
3. A is three ( four/ five….) times the size ( amount/ length/ height…) of B. A比B大（多/長/高……）兩（三/四……）倍或是A是B的三（四/五……）倍大（多/長/高……）。
例如：
Line A is four times the length of Line B. 線段A比線段B長四倍。
This building is three times the height of that one.這棟樓房比那棟高2倍。
如果表示“A比B大（多/ 長/高。。。）一倍“用twice，而且用第一種表示法。
例如：
Bob is twice heavier than Jack. 鮑博比杰克重一倍。
This road is twice longer than that one.這條路比那條路長一倍。
11.語法——定語從句
關系代詞who, whom, that 和which引導的定語從句。
在句子中修飾名詞或代詞的從句為定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般修飾跟在先行詞的后面。如果先行詞指人，關系代詞可用who, whom, that.如果先行詞指物，關系代詞可用which或是that。關系代詞who, whom, that 和which既起連接作用，又在定語從句中充當一定成分（在定語從句中作主語或是賓語）。關系代詞在從句中作賓語時常常可以省略，但是作主語時不能省略。Whom 在從句中作賓語時用，但是在口語或非正式文體中，常用who來代替whom。
例如：
A plane is a machine which/ that can fly.飛機是會飛行的機器。
The book (which/ that ) you want is on my desk.你要的那本書在我的書桌上。
Anybody who/ that breaks the rules is punished.任何違反規定的人都要受到懲罰。
The boy who/ that likes skating will be here.喜歡滑冰的那個男孩子將會來這里。
The girl (who/ whom/that) you met in the street is John’s sister.你在大街上遇到的那個女孩是約翰的妹妹。
Is this the lady (whom) you spoke of? 這個是你談到的那位女士嗎？
教學設計方案：Lesson 25

一、Teaching Aims
Help the students have free talk about what an earthquake is and what people usually feel when an earthquake happens.
Practise in pairs on talking about the earthquake that happened in San Francisco in 1898.
Study the language items in the lesson.
Do the exercise on page 25 about the indirect speech.
二、Teaching procedures
Step 1 Warming- up
Ask the Ss some questions about earthquake, such as, “ What will happen when an earthquake happens?” “ What causes an earthquake to happen?” “ What should people do when an earthquake happens?” etc.
Step 2. Listening
The Ss are supposed to listen to the tape about the earthquake that happened in San Francisco in 1989.
After listening to the dialogue the Ss are supposed to do the exercises on page 87. E.1.
What are Carl and Wang Bing talking about?
Where was Carl at the time of the earthquake?
How did Carl feel when the earthquake was happening?
Step 3. Practising
The students are supposed to do the pair work on page 25.
Change the sentences into Indirect Speech.
Step 4. Language points of the dialogue
as 的用法
so do you 形式的復習
at the time of 的用法
it sounded like中sound的用法
feel sth. do的用法
6.fall off 和fall down的辨析
quite a while 的用法
Step 5. Practising
If time is permitted, the students are supposed to do the exercise on page 87. E.2---retell the dialogue.

教學設計方案 : Lesson 26

Teaching Aims
The Ss are supposed to get the idea what the earthquake is like when it is happening and what causes an earthquake to happen?
Learn how to write a composition about an earthquake that happened in Tangshan, China in 1976.
Teaching procedure
Step 1. Ask the students some questions about earthquakes.
Have you ever heard anything about earthquakes from your parents?
Have you ever been in any of the earthquakes? Where and when?
Do you know the biggest earthquake that happened in China?
Step 2. Reading the text
For the first time of reading, the Ss are supposed to answer the question:
Which was the USA’s worst earthquake?
Can we do something to prevent the earthquake from destroying the whole city?
For the second time, the Ss are supposed to read the text for some detailed information.
In what part of the USA is San Francisco?
In the spring of 1906, what happened to the city of San Francisco ?
What happened again in the city in the fall of 1989?
In what other places of the world do earthquakes often happen?
In what provinces in China do earthquakes happen more often?
Explain the reasons why there are earthquakes.
Step 3. Retelling the reasons why an earthquake happens.
Ask the Ss to retell it in pairs first then ask individual student to say it out in class.
Step 4. Discussion
What should we do in order not let the earthquake destroy the earth so seriously?
Step 5. Language points of the text
at 5:13 on the morning of April 18th.,1906中介詞的用法
the number of 和 a number of 辨析
as many as 以及as much as的用法
as 表示當什么時候的意思的用法（和while/ when的區別）
one / ones 代詞的用法
cut off
at 5.3 centimetres a year “at” 表示速度的用法
make sure
stay up
time 表示倍數的用法
Step 6. Practising
Do the exercises on page 89. E. 1,2,3
Write a composition about the Tangshan Earthquake with the given information
Step 7. Homework:
Finish the composition
Finish the exercises on page 89 E.3 and page 91.E.
Re-read the attributive sentences in the text and get to understand the meaning and the structure of each sentence.

探究活動

讓學生自己找有關地震的資料，比如近年來發生在國內或國外的地震地區以及震后的情況。每個小組指定查某一個國家或地區的地震情況。然后讓學生們互相進行討論，介紹各個國家或地區的地震情況。學生們在聽的時候可以記下來想要問的問題然后對進行匯報的小組提問。這樣可以鍛煉聽力和口語表達能力。