Module5 A Lesson in a Lab教案

[附] by far通常用于強調最高級。用于比較級時，一般放在比較級的后面，如在前面，應在二者中間加“the”。例如：he is taller by far than his brother.// he is by far the taller of the two brothers.
e)even, still加比較級, 表示強調，譯為“甚至更/還要-------”。例如：
he gets even stronger.
jack is tall, but tom is still taller.
f)“數詞+名詞+比較級”表示確定的程度。例如：
he is five years older than i.
i got up an hour earlier than the others.
⑵最高級的用法
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時，用“the +最高級”的結構表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。例如：
zhang hua is the tallest of the three.
he works (the) hardest in his class.
the three gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of china.
②最高級可被序數詞以及by far,  by no means,  much,  nearly,  almost,  not quite,  nothing like等詞語修飾。例如：
the yangtze river is the world’s third longest river.
how much did the second most expensive hat cost?
this hat is by far / by no means / much / nearly / not nearly / almost / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
[注意]：
a)作狀語的副詞最高級前可以不加定冠詞。例如：
he came (the) earliest of all the boys.
b)excellent(優秀的、極好的)，extreme（極端的），favourate(最喜愛的)，perfect（完美的）等詞本身含有最高級的含義，所以它們沒有比較級和最高級。
c)形容詞最高級修飾作表語或介詞賓語的名詞、代詞時，被修飾的詞往往省略。
he is the tallest (boy) in his class.
⒊使用形容詞、副詞的比較等級時要注意的幾個問題
⑴在as-----as之間只能使用原級形容詞（副詞）。例如：
誤：i have as less money as you do.
正：i have as little money as you do.
⑵切忌采用雙重比較
比較級前可以用表示程度的修飾語來表示強調或程度，但不可用more加比較級形式。例如：
誤：his health is more worse than before.
正：his health is worse than before.
⑶應避免自我比較
使用比較級時，進行比較的雙方必須是互相分離、互不包含的獨立概念或事物，否則比較就不合邏輯。例如：
誤：bamboo probably has more uses than any plant in the world.
正：bamboo probably has more uses than any other plant in the world.
[附]比較的另一方如果是不定代詞anyone, anything, 前面不能加other, 而要在其后加else. 例如：
she studies harder than anyone else in her class.
但是，若比較的雙方不屬于同一范圍，句中則不加other。例如：
she runs faster than any boy in her class.
⑷表示“兩者中較-------”時，比較級前要加the。例如：
the older of the two noblemen took a light and led me into a back room.
⑸被比較的雙方必須具有可比性。例如：
誤：there are more students in this school than that school.
正：there are more students in this school than in that school.
⑹連詞than后使用代詞主格和賓格有時意義不同。例如：