ing分詞的用法

-ing分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。 ①-ing分詞短語作時間狀語，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時可由連詞when, while引出。如： while reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一邊看書，一邊不時地點頭。 seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些畫，他想起了她的童年。 ②-ing分詞短語作原因狀語，相當于一個原因狀語從句。如： not knowing his address, i can’t send this book to him. 因為不知道他的地址，我不能把這本書送給他。 many of us, being so excited,  couldn’t go to sleep that night. 因為非常激動，那晚我們許多人都沒睡著。 ③–ing分詞短語作結果狀語。如： his father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父親死了，留給他許多錢。 she was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生氣，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。 ④-ing分詞作伴隨狀語，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語的另一個、較次要的動作。如： they stood there for half an hour， watching the stars in the sky. 他們在那兒站了半小時，觀察著天上的星星。 following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起來。 ⑤-ing分詞間或也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語，相當于一個狀語從句。如： knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。 注：-ing分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是整個句子的主語。 ⑥“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+-ing分詞”結構在句中作狀語，表示伴隨情況或時間、原因等。如： his hair became grey with the years passing. 隨著時間的推移，他的頭發變花白了。 without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。 例： ①the storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area. a. caused                                                 b. to have caused c. to caused                                               d. having caused ②----“you can’t catch me!” janet shouted, ______ away. a. run            b. running       c. to run         d. ran ③it’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ______ the answers ready will be of great help. a. to have had     b. having had               c. have            d. having ④_____ from other continents for millions of years, australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. a. being separated                                     b. having separated c. having been separated                                d. to be separated ⑤daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____ fun. a. had           b. have             c. to have              d. having ⑥oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____ a record $57.65 a barrel on april 4. a. have reached     b. reaching          c. to reach          d. to be reaching ⑦it was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____ a look at the sports stars. a. had            b. having              c. to have             d. have ⑧_____ more about university course, call . a. to find out                                           b. finding out c. find out                                             d. having found out 簡析：1.d.結果狀語，時間有明顯先后之分；2.b.伴隨狀語；3.d.條件狀語，有明顯時間先后之分；4.c.原因狀語，時間有明顯先后之分；5.d.伴隨狀語；6.b.結果狀語。7.c.作目的狀語；8.a.作目的狀語； 6) -ing分詞作補語：