ing分詞的用法

①--ing分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等動詞后面和一個名詞或代詞構成一個復合賓語，作賓語補語。如： i noticed a man running out of the bank when i got off the car. 我下車的時候注意到一個男人匆匆忙忙地從銀行里跑出來。 last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop. 昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一個小孩在偷東西。 ②上面這類句子也可變成被動語態，這時，-ing分詞可看成是主語補語。如： we were kept waiting for quite a long time. 讓我們等了好長時間。 lily was never heard singing that song again. 人們再也沒有聽到吉麗唱這首歌了。 5. -ing分詞的復合結構：-ing分詞的復合結構通常由物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或者名詞的普通格+-ing分詞構成，在句子開頭時必須用物主代詞和名詞所有格，通常在句中作主語和賓語。如： his coming made us very happy. 他的到來使我們大家都很高。 he was awakened by someone’s knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲門聲吵醒了。 6. –ing分詞作主語和表語時與不定式的區別：1）、-ing分詞和動詞不定式作主語和表語的主要區別在于：在表示比較抽象的一般的多次性行為時多用-ing分詞；在表示具體的或一次性的動作，特別是將來的動作時，多用不定式。如： smoking is forbidden here. （泛指吸煙）這里禁止吸煙。 it’s not good for you to smoke so much. （指你吸煙）吸這么多煙對你的身體不好。 2）. 高中階段能接-ing分詞作賓語的常見動詞：mind（介意）, suggest（建議）, enjoy（欣賞，）, admit（承認）, appreciate（感激，欣賞）, avoid（避免）, delay（推遲）, dislike（不喜歡，厭惡）, escape（逃脫）, finish（完成）, forgive（寬�。�, imagine（想象）, keep（保持）, miss（錯過）, practise（訓練）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒險）, deny（拒絕，否認）, consider（考慮）等。 例：he got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity. a. to lose          b. losing           c. to be lost       d. being lost 答案b.后risk 后接動名詞，he與 lose是主謂關系。 3）. 有些動詞既能接不定式，又能接-ing分詞，含義有所不同。如：①forget, remember, regret等詞后面接不定式表示不定式動作后于謂語動作，而后接-ing分詞作賓語表示分詞動作先于謂語動作。如： do you remember seeing me before? 你記得以前見過我嗎？ remember to lock the door when you leave. 離開時要記得鎖門。 ②動詞mean, stop, try, go on等動詞后面接分詞和接不定式作賓語，意思也有所不同。如： i try not to think about that. 我盡量不去想那件事。 would you please try doing that again? 請你再試一次好嗎？ i mean to change it for another one. 我想換成另外一個。 missing the train means waiting for another hour. 誤了這班車就意味著再等一個小時。 having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit. 做完練習以后，我們繼續學習下一單元的單詞。 after a short rest, they went on working. 短暫地休息以后，他們又繼續工作。 例：when asked by the police, he said that he remembered _____ at the party, but not _______. a. to arrive, leaving                       b. to arrive, to leave c. arriving, leaving                        d. arriving, to leave 答案c.記得來過晚會，用arriving,但是后的動作仍然記得，用leaving. ③動詞allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing分詞作賓語，不可以接動詞不定式作賓語，但可接不定式作賓語補語。如： please permit me to say a few words. 請允許我說幾句話。 we don’t permit smoking here. 我們這兒不允許吸煙。 ④動詞need, require, want作“需要”解時，后面接-ing分詞或不定式的被動式。如： the room wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 這個房間需要打掃。 these little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully. 這些小孩需要細心地照料。 ⑤動詞like, hate, prefer等后面，如表示一般性動作，多用-ing分詞；如指特定的具體的某次動作，多用不定式。如： i like swimming, but i don’t like to swim with you. 我喜歡游泳，但我不喜歡和你一起游泳。 i prefer walking to school every day. 我情愿每天步行去學校。 i prefer to stay at home today. 今天我情愿呆在家里。 ⑥動詞begin, start后面，如表示有意識地開始做某事，常用-ing分詞，否則用不定式更多一些。如： we began to do that job last year. 我們去年開始做那工作的。 they started talking about the film at once. 他們立刻開始談論那部電影。 注：下面幾種情況多用不定式作賓語： a. 當start, begin本身用于進行時態時。 when the teacher came into the room, he was starting to write to his parents. 老師走進教室的時候，他正開始寫信給他的父母親。 b. 當start, begin后接表示心理活動的動詞時。 hearing the news, he started to think of a good way to solve the problem. 一聽到消息，他就開始考慮一個好辦法來解決這個問題。 c. 當句子的主語是無生命的東西時。 we were about to leave when it began to rain. 我們正準備離開，天開始下雨了。 7. -ing分詞作表語的兩種不同含義：