ing分詞的用法

①-ing分詞作表語可以表示主語的內容是什么。如： their job is building houses. 他們的工作是蓋房子。 the real question is getting to know the needs of the people. 真正的問題是了解人民的需要。 ②-ing分詞作表語還可以表示主語所具有的特征。如： this story is very interesting. 這故事很有趣。 the problem is quite puzzling. 這個問題很令人困惑。 ①–ing分詞作定語可用來說明被修飾的名詞的用途和性能。如： reading material 閱讀材料 walking stick 手杖 fishing pole 魚桿 flying suit 飛行服 writing table 寫字臺 listening practice 聽力訓練 ②-ing分詞作定語還可以表示所修飾的人或物的動作或狀態，在意思上接近一個定語從句，可以表示正在進行的動作，也可表示經常性動作或當時的狀態。如： developing countries = countries that are developing 發展中國家 a growing city = a city that is growing 發展著的城市 8. 不定式和-ing分詞作賓語補語的區別： 在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官動詞后，既可用-ing分詞構成復合賓語，也可用不定式構成復合賓語，兩者之間有一定的區別。用-ing分詞時，表示動作正在進行；用不定式時，表示動作發生了，即動作的全過程結束了。如： do you hear someone knocking at the door? (someone is knocking at the door.) 有人在敲門你聽見了嗎？ do you hear someone knock at the door? (someone knocked at the door just now.) 你聽見有人敲門了嗎？ 9. 高中階段常見的帶介詞to的短語，后接-ing分詞或名詞。如： admit to（承認）, contribute to（捐助、貢獻）, get down to（著手做）, give way to（讓位于），keep to （堅持、遵守）, lead to （導致）,look forward to（期待）, take to（從事）, turn to （求助于）, stick to（忠于、堅持）, point to（指向、表明）, see to （注意、處理）, be used to （習慣于）, devote oneself to （獻身于）, be equal to （勝任的、等于）, be familiar to （為……熟悉）. 高中階段有一些固定的-ing分詞短語，如generally speaking（一般來說）, judging from…（根據……來判斷）, considering…（考慮到……）, talking of…（談到……，提到……）, supposing…（假如……）等，它們的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致。這種短語可以被稱之為句子的狀語，也可當作一個插入語。如： judging from his accent, he must come from canada. 從他的口音看他一定來自加拿大。 considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free. 考慮到他是多么的窮，我們決定讓他免費聽音樂會。 exercises:1. the officers narrowly escaped ___________in the hot battle. a. have killed b. to kill c. to be killed d. being killed 2.___________ the letter, he went out to post it. a. writing b. being writing c. having written d. written 3. don't you remember ___________ ? a. seeing the man before b. to see the man before c. saw the man before d. to have seen the man before 4. people couldn't help ___________ the foolish emperor in the procession. a. laugh at b. to laugh at c. laughing at d. laughing on 5. we're looking forward ___________ the photo exhibition. a. to visiting b. to visit c. to having visited d. visiting 6. the girl ___________ under that tree is my sister. a. sitting b. sits c. is sitting d. sat 7. this sentence needs ___________ . a. a improvement b. improve c. improving d. improved 8. ___________ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.. a. not known b. known not c. knowing not d. not knowing 9. the next morning she found the man ___________ in bed, dead. a. lying b. lie c. lay d. laying 10. there was terrible noise ___________ the sudden burst of light. a. followed b. following c. to be followed d. being followed 11. the secretary worked late into the night, ___________ a long speech for the president. a. to prepare b. preparing c. prepared d. was preparing 12. "can't you read?" mary said ___________ to the notice. a. angrily pointing b. and point angrily c. angrily pointed d. and angrily pointing 13. how about two of us ___________ a walk down the garden? a. to take b. take c. taking d. to be taking 14. ---i must apologize for ___________ahead of time. ---that's all right. a. letting you not know b. not letting you know c. letting you know not d. letting not you know 15. ---you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ---well, now i regret ___________ that. a. to do b. to be doing c. to have done d. having done 16. would you ___________ me your identification card, sir? a. mind to show b. mind showing c. trouble to show d. trouble showing 17. he suggested ___________ on saturday. a. to have a meeting b. having a meeting c. a meeting to have d. that having a meeting 18. it is no good ___________ to come now. he is busy. a. if you ask him b. to ask him c. asking him d. that you ask him 19. although punctual himself, the professor was quite used ___________ late for his lecture. a. to have students b. for students to be c. for students' being d. to students' being 20. he dressed himself quickly and ___________ his schoolbag, went to school. a. carried b. to carry c. carrying d. carries 21. ___________ for several weeks, the city needed food. a. as having flooded b. being flooded c. having been flooded d. to flood 22. ___________ ill worried my parents greatly. a. i fell b. me falling c. my falling d. i falling 23. she is writing a letter to a friend of hers, ___________ him to attend the meeting. a. having invited b. inviting c. to invite d. invited 24. our town has dozens of factories, ___________several saw mills. a. included b. are including c. are included d. including 25. ___________ the classroom, the students went to the playground to watch the football match. a. to clean b. having cleaned c. cleaned d. cleaning